INDEX. 
517 
British mammals as indicating a zoological 
region, 38 
Buried river-channels, 817 
Buteo solitarms, 801 
Butterflies of Celebes, peculiar shape of, 433 
Butterflies, peculiar British, 827 
C. 
Caddis-flies peculiar to Britain, 837 
Csecilia, species of, in the Seychelles, 404 
wide distribution of, 404 
Casciliadse, 27 
Callithea Leprieuri, 18 
Callithea sapphirct, 18 
Camels as destroyers of vegetation, 285 
Camels, former wide distribution of, 392 
Camel us, 17, 26 
Campanula vidalii, 252 
Canis, 17, 25 
Carabus, 42 
Carboniferous boulder-beds, 194 
Carboniferous warm Arctic climate, 195 
Carnivora in Madagascar, 389 
Carpenter, Dr., on habitat of globigerinse, 
90 
Carpenter, Mr. Edward, on Mars and glacial 
periods, 159 
Carduus marianus in New Zealand, 483 
Carpodacus purpureus and P. calif ornicus, 66 
Castor, 17 
Casuarina, 179 
Casuarina in India, 495 
Cause of extinction, 61 
Caves of Glamorganshire, 316 
Cebibse, overlapping genera of, 23 
Celebes, physical features of, 422 
islands around, 424 
zoology of, 426 
derivation of mammals of, 427 
birds of, 428 
not a continental island, 431 
insect pecularities of, 432 
Himalayan types in, 433 
peculiarity of butterflies of, 433 
list of land-birds of, 436 
Centetidse, 26 
Centetidae, formerly inhabited Europe, 391 
Central America, 52 
Ceratodus, or mud-fish, 67 
Cervus, 17, 25 
Chalk a supposed oceanic formation, 87 
Chalk at Oahu, analysis of, 88 
Chalk, analysis of, 89 
Chalk mollusca indicative of shallow water, 
90 
Chalk sea, extent of, in Europe, 91 
Chalk-formation, land-plants found in, 92 
deposited in a shallow sea, 92 
of Faxoe an ancient coral-reef, 92 
modern formation of, 93 
supposed oceanic origin of erroneous, 
94 
“Challenger” soundings and shore-deposits, 
84 
‘ ‘ Challenger ” ridge in the Atlantic, 98 
Chameleons very abundant in Madagascar, 
402 
Chamois, distribution of, 13 
Changes of land and sea, 81 
Chasmorhynchus, distribution of, 23 
C. nudicolli*, 24 
C. tricarunculatuB, 24 
C. variegatus, 24 
Chilomenut lunata, 289 ; 
Chinchillas, 26 
Clirysochloridae, 29 
Cicindela, 17 
Cicindelidse common to South America and 
Madagascar, 27 
Climate affected by arrangement of the 
great continents, 198 
astronomical causes of changes of, 122 
causes of mild Arctic, 183 
changes of, during Tertiary and 
Secondary Periods, 196 
changes of, as affecting migration of 
plants, 485 
Climate, nature of changes of, caused by 
high excentricity, 223 
exceptional stability of the present, 224 
of Britain with winter in aphelion, 151 
of Tertiary period „ in Europe and 
N. America, 171 
Climates of Tertiary and Secondary periods, 
195 
Climate of the Secondary and Palseozoic 
epochs, 193, 195 
Climate, properties of snow and ice in re- 
lation to, 127 
Climatal changes, 103 
Climatal change, its essential principle re- 
stated, 153 
Climatal changes as modifying organisms, 
220, 222 
Clouds cut off the sun’s heat, 140 
Coal in Sumatra, 358 
Coast line of globe, extent of, 214 
Cochoa, distribution of, 25 
Cold alone does not cause glaciation, 130 
how it can bo stored up, 128 
Coleoptera of the Azores, 245 
of St. Helena, 286 i 
of the Sandwich Islands, 305 
peculiar British species of, £32 
Comoro Islands, 399 
mammals and birds of, 4C0 
Compositse of the Galapagos, 277 
of St. Helena, 295 
of the Sandwich Islands, 303 
of the Mascarene Islands, 416 
species often have restricted ranges, 473 
Conclusions on the New Zealand flora, 
474 
Contemporaneous formation of Lower 
Greensand and Wealden, 213 
Continental conditions throughout geo- 
logical time, 94—97 
changes and animal distribution, 99 
extensions will not explain anomalous 
facts of distribution , 420 
Continental Islands, 235 
of recent origin, 812 
general remarks on recent, 380 
Continental period, date of, 318 
Continents, movements of, 86 
permanence of, 94 
general stability of, 99, 101 
geological development of, 198 
Continuity of land, 72 
Continuity of now isolated groups, proof of, 
69 
Cook, Captain, on a native quadruped in 
N ew Zealand, 446 
Cope, Professor, on the Bermuda lizard, 
257 
Coracia8 temminckii, 433 
Corvus, 17 
Cossonidae, in St. Helena, 287 
Cretaceous deposits in North Australia, 462, 
465 
Cretaceous flora of Greenland, 179 
Croll, Dr. James, on Antarctic icebergs, 132 
