518 
INDEX. 
Croll, Dr. James, on winter temperature of 
Britain in glacial epoch, 13(5 
on diversion of gulf-stream during the 
glacial epoch, 138 
on loss of heat by clouds and fogs, 140 
on geographical causes as affecting 
climate, 143 
on ancient glacial epochs, 164 
on universality of glacial markings in 
Scotland, 167 
on mild climates of Arctic regions, 175 
on ocean-currents, 183, 197 
on age of the earth, 206 
on mean thickness of sedimentary rocks, 
212 
on small amount of marine denudation, 
218 
on buried river-channels, 317 
Ctenodus, 67 
Cyanopica, distribution of, 23 
Cyanopica cooki, restricted range of, 15, 23 
Cyanopica cyanus, 23 
Cynopithecus nigrescent, 427 
D. 
Dacelo, 46 
Dana on continental upheavals, 86 
on chalk in the Sandwich Islands, 88 
on elevation of land causing the glacial 
epoch, 147 
on elevation of Western America, 188 
on the development of continents, 198 
on shore-deposits, 215 
on life extermination by cold epochs, 
222 
Darwin’s experiment on Helix pomatia, 76 
experiments on seed-dispersal, 249 
theory of formation of atolls, 397 
Darwin, on the permanence of oceans, 97 
on cloudy sky of Antarctic regions, 141 
on glaciers of the Southern Andes, 142 
on geological time, 204 
on complex relations of organisms, 219 
on seeds carried by birds, 250 
on natural history of the Keeling 
Islands, 275 
on cultivated plants not running wild, 
476 
De Candolle on dispersal of seeds, 78 
Deep-sea deposits, 211 
Delphinium ajacis, on a railway bank, 483 
Dendrceca, 18 
D. ccerulea, 18 
D. discolor, 18 
D. dominica, 18 
Dendroeca coronata, variation of, 57 
Dendrophidae, 27 
Denudation destroys the evidences of glacia- 
tion, 166 
Denudation and deposition as a measure of 
time, 206 
Denudation in river basins, measurement of, 
208 
Denudation, marine as compared with sub- 
aerial, 218 
Deposition of sediments, how to estimate 
the average, 214 
Deserts, cause of high temperature of, 128 
Diagram of excentricity and precession, 124 
Diagram of excentricity for three million 
years, 165 
Dididae, how exterminated, 407 
Didunculus, keeled sternum of, 408 
Diospyros, 179 
Diplotaxis muralis, on railway banks, 481 
Dipnoi, discontinuity of, 67 
Dipterus, 67 
Discontinuous generic areas, 23 
Discontinuity among North American birds, 
65 
Discontinuity a proof of antiquity, 67 
Discontinuous areas, 63 
why rare, 63 
Dispersal of animals, 70 
of land animals, how effected, 74 
Dispersal of seeds by wind, 78 
by birds, 79 
by ocean-currents, 79 
along mountain-chains, 79 
Dispersal of Azorean plants, facilities for, 
251 
Distribution, changes of shown by extinct 
animals, 100 
how to explain anomalies of, 392 
Drontheim mountains, peculiar mosses of, 
343 
Dobson, Mr., on bats of Japan, 366 
on the affinities of Mystacina tuberculuta, 
445 
Dodo, the, 407 
aborted wings of, 408 
Dryiophidse, 27 
Dumeril, Professor, on lizards of Bourbon, 
406 
Duncan, Professor P. M. , on ancient sea of 
central Australia, 465 
E. 
Early history of New Zealand, 455 
Earth’s age, 203 
East Asian birds, range of, 38 
East and West Australian floras, geological 
explanation of, 464 
Echidna, 30 
Echimyidae, 26 
Elevation of North America during glacial 
period, 149 
causing diversion of gulf-stream, 149 
Emberiza schccniclus, discontinuity of, 64 
E. passerina, range of, 65 
E. pyrrhulina, 65 
Endemic genera of plants in Mauritius, &c., 
413 
Endemic genera of plants in New Zealand, 
494 
English plants in St. Helena, 288 
Environment, change of as modifying or- 
ganisms, 219 
Eriocaulon septan gulare, 340 
Ethiopian Region, definition of, 42 
birds of, 43 
Ettinghausen, Dr., on Australian plants in 
England, 486 
Eucalyptus, 179 
Eucalyptus and Acacia, why not in New 
Zealand, 475 
Eucalyptus in Eocene of Sheppey, 486 
Eupetes, distribution of, 25 
Europe, Asia, &c. , as zoological terms, 31 
European birds, range of, 16 
European birds in Bermuda, 259 
European occupation, effects of in St. 
Helena, 283 
European plants in New Zealand, 477 
in Chile and Fuegia, 489 
Everett, Mr., on raised coral-reefs in the 
Philippines. 362 
Evolution necessitates continuity, 68 
Excentricity and precession, diagram of, 
124 
