74 
The New York State College of Forestry 
of a singing Oven-bird, to look among the branches in the lower 
half of the tree ahead in a line with the apparent source of the 
song. The song is a crescendo rendering of the words “ teacher, 
teacher, teacher, teacher, teach,” each expression ringing out with 
greater force and spirit than the preceding until the end. The 
distinctive markings of the Oven-bird are the orange crown, bor- 
dered by black. The upper parts are dark brown, and the under 
parts are whitish, spotted with black. 
15. Chestnut-sided Warbler. Dendroica pennsijlvanica (Linn.) 
The Chestnut-sided Warbler is very common in the Guest House 
locality, where its habits are quite characteristic, as described in 
the previous chapter. On June 9 I noted that this warbler was 
active in the shrubbery near the Guest House, and there regularly 
a male came into the trees at the rear porch, singing and gleaning 
with the unconcern of a Chipping Sparrow. 
16. Black-throated Blue Warbler. Dendroica ccerulescens 
ccerulescens (Gmel.) 
The finding of this warbler nesting near the Guest House was 
a most unexpected incident of my experience in the Park, as it 
undoubtedly establishes a record of the Black-throated Blue War- 
bler’s summer occurrence in the Highlands. The male of this 
warbler can be readily known by its black head, neck, breast, and 
shoulders, with white under parts and prominent white wing 
marks, while the other upper parts have a decided bluish tinge. 
The song of this warbler, also, is characteristic, consisting of a 
series of notes like “ zee zee zee zee, dcee,” with the last syllable 
emphatically lengthened. 
It was on June 15 when I first found the Black-throated Warbler, 
in a little ravine near the top of Hemlock Hill, where a level- 
floored trough extends along the base of a perpendicular rock ter- 
race. The ravine was dry, fairly well lighted by openings in the 
forest canopy, with a ground cover of laurel, ferns, weeds, and 
hardwood sprouts. The tall trees in the ravine were yellow poplar, 
hemlock, beech, oak, chestnut, and maple, with hardwood saplings. 
The male warbler was singing up and down the ravine, passing above 
