ILLUSTRATED STOCK DOCTOR. 
In every civilized nation, the keeping of cattle forms among the earliest 
productive industries recorded, and every Celtic nation has at one time 
or another represented them as divinely given, or else, like the Hindoos, 
held them in the greatest veneration. 
According to naturalists cattle belong to the class Mammalia ; that is, , 
having mammae or teats ; their natural order is called ruminantia, from 
their habit of ruminating, or chewing the cud. 
Their tribe is termed bovidx, meaning the ox kind. The genus is 
los, the ox ; tho horns growing, from the crest, projecting at first side- 
ways, and porous or cellular inside, with a film of true horn encasing t a 
cellular bony structure inside ; tho sub-genus, which will form tha 
subject of what we have to say, is termed bos taunts, or the domes- 
ticated ox. . 
Of these there are many families, or sub-families ; each distinctly 
breed being a family. Mixed breeds, grades, and crosses, may be termed 
sub-families 
The Teeth. 
Cattle are distinguished as to their teeth by having eight lower incisors, 
and none upper; these are the cutting teeth. They have no camna 
teeth or tusks, but have twenty-four molars or grinding teeth ; six on 
each side of the lower jaw, and six on each side of tho upper jaw. Tha 
upper jaw has no incisors; but the skin upon which the lower me* 
lore meet in the upper jaw is thickened, 
ha’.d, and in aged animals almost horny. 
1-he teeth may be represented as follows ; 
the figures above the line representing the 
tipper, and the figures below the line rep- 
resenting the lower jaw : 
o o 6 6 
Cattle, incisors, — , canines, — , molars — — . 
We annex a cut of a section of the lower 
jaw showing the eight incisors, of a mature 
ox, or at the age of five years. Before 
gpd after this age the teeth vary very 
materially, as other portions of this section 
•how. 
1 8 ' ’ 0 6 6 
Total, 32 teeth. 
Teeth or Ox at Age or Five Tear* 
