'»■ 2 ■* k • • • 
63 ILLUSTRATED STOCK DOCTOR. 
I’CINTE, 
17. Tail, — linnging down (o the hocks 1 
18. Hide, — thin and movable, but not too loose 1 
19. Hide, — covered with fine, soft hair 1 
30. Uide, — of good color 1 
21. Fore-legs,— short, straight and tine 1 
22. Fore-arm,— swelling, and full above the knee l 
23. Bend-quarters,— from the hock to the point of the rump well tilled up. 1 
24. IIiND-LEOs,— short nnd straight (below the hocks) and bones rather flue. 1 
95. Hind-legs, squarely placed, not too close together when viewed lrom 
behind i 
26. Hind-legs,— not to cross in walking 1 
27- Hoofs,— small 1 
28. Udder, — full in form, i. e., well in line with the belly 1 
29. Udder, — well up behind 1 
30. Teats, — large, squarely placed ; behind wide apart 1 
31. Milk-veins,— very prominent 1 
32. Growth- 1 
33. General appearance 1 
34. Condition 1 
Perfection 34 
Wo prize shall be awarded to cows ttaving less than twenty-nine points. 
No prize shall be awarded to heifers having less than twenty-six points. 
Cows having obtained twenty-seven points, and heifers twenty-four 
points, shall be allowed to be branded, but cannot take a prize. 
These points, namely, Nos. 28, 29, and 31 — shall bo deducted from 
the number required for perfection in heifers, as their udder and milk- 
veins cannot be fully developed : a heifer will, therefore , be considered 
perfect at thirty-one points. 
To this we add : 
One point must be added for pedigree on male side. 
One point must be added for pedigree on female side. 
Again, the size of the escutcheon, or milk-mirrors, is a point of 
especial attention. This, however, will be treated in another chapter, for 
the escutcheon is now coming to be accepted as an indication of the 
milking qualities of a cow, and whatever the breed may be, strongly 
relied upon. And those who discard it, that is, refuse a cow with a strong 
escutcheon, will surely go astray. 
In judging bulls, many of the same points will serve. The head will 
not be so small, and the forehead must be broad ; the horns must be 
tipped with black ; the neck, arched, powerful, but not too coarse and 
heavy ; hide thicker than in the cow — certainly not thin — and mellow ; 
fore legs short and straight, fore arm large and powerful, full above the 
knee and firm below it. As in cows, pedigree must have two points, one 
for purity of blood on the male side, and one for purity of blood on the 
female sido- 
