TEXAN, OR SPANISH CATTLE. H7 
Nebraska and Dakota, in the valleys of Montana and Wyoming, they 
may have unlimited range, and enjoy their semi-wild condition, and fat- 
tened on grass may be shipped cast to bo slaughtered and barreled for 
export, or fattened as we have previously stated. Of late years enterpris- 
ing herdsmen have bought great quantities of Short-Horn and Hereford 
bulls to be used in the improvement of their stock. The effects ara 
already apparent. It is well understood now that the produce of either 
of the bulls w r c have mentioned, in the first cfoss, produce an animal' 
much superior to the dam, and which will sell at three or four years old 1 
for nearly double what the natives will. The cows give a largely 
increased quantity of milk, they make better and fatter calves ; and hero 
again is a conclusive illustration to the breeders of cattle everywhere, of 
the utility of improved breeds in inducing early maturity, increasing tho 
weight and improving the quality of the beef. 
t 
Profits in Breeding Grades from Texans. 
Within the last ten years fortunes have been made in herding Texas 
cattle, not only in that State, but in various Territories of the United 
States. There are two essential requisites ; plenty of good grass for Sum- 
mer and Winter pasturage, and abundance of water. The latter is the 
essential. Many persons have failed in their efforts to profitably breed 
Texas cattle on the plains, for the reason, that water was cither not near, 
or insufficient in supply. The cattle must go long distances to slake their 
thirst, and consequ ntly become very dry and uncomfortable before start 
ing to the wato- ing place. Then they drink such immoderate quantities 
of wat r, as again to be uncomfortable for some time, and will, if allowed, 
hang about the water, on scant grass, until again forced to take the range. 
Thus they cannot gain in flesh uniformly, but on tho other hand, abso- 
lutely lose condition in tho constant travel necessary to get water. Perhaps 
some epidemic sets in, and they die by hundreds, aud tho owner finds 
himself the loser, simply from entering into a business hastily, and with' 
out studying carefully the absolute necessities in the case. 
There is auother class of failures. These have been persons who hare 
supposed they could take fifty cows, and make money by herding them 
until grown up. In all that wild region inhabited by Indians more or lesa 
predatory, the force about a ranch must be strong enough for some pro- 
tection. The profits must come principally from the increase in cattle. 
If the small herder has water privileges, ho can make money if he has 
stock enough. If he has but few, the expense of herding will be the same 
as when the herd is larger. Owners of other and large herds, or those 
seeking to become such, will not take kindly to tho appropriation of wa^ey 
