CATTLE, HOW TO BREED. 
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6essing great hone and sinew, and is on the whole more sluggish. The 
horse of all work should be a modification of both these characteiistics. 
All horses have great chests, and consequently great lung power, fitting 
them for severe and long continued muscular exertion. They must be 
judged by a standard where muscular exertion is the important integer. 
Cattle have been bred so long with reference to their bodies, as beef or 
milk producers, that they have become so distinct from the supposed wild 
type as to possess but little in common therewith. The head, neck and 
limbs, have been refined, the lungs have less power, since it is only neces- 
sary that they supply sufficient oxygen to the blood to keep up a uniform 
animal heat under exercise, never violent. The loin and rump are broad- 
ened, the ribs spring out more to give capacity for a stomach of size to 
digest a large quantity of food. In swine the diminution of lung power 
is particularly seen. They are essentially slow in all their movements, 
and averse to exertion. Their forte is simply eating, sleeping and laying 
on fat. No one would mistake a hog for either an ox or a horse. The 
intelligent breeder so educates his eye and his touch, that he can distin- 
guish between animals of any given_race as to their capabilities for the 
purpose intended. The external conformation conies at length to be so 
keenly associated with the correlated structural affinities, that he tells at 
once, and exactly, the important points that would entirely escape the un- 
educated eye and touch. 
Practical Suggestions. 
As the greatest excellence in the production of meat, milk nr labor in 
cattle ; of wool and carcass in sheep ; and of hams, loin, side meat and 
lard in hogs, involves peculiarities of structure and function — adapting 
Jibe animal to the special purpose for which it was intended, and as all 
these require close study of anatomy, physiology, and the correlations ex- 
isting in the different forms of production ; and since scientific breeders 
have for the last hundred years been seeking to establish a higher and 
higher excellence, the intending breeder would be unwise to undertake 
to breed up from the common herds of the country. It would he time 
ill spent. He should first inform himself of the practical necessities 
within his reach, and breed from types already existing rather than create 
"one. This uill simplify his study, ho must educate his eye by points and 
the observation of the best animals, and his touch by feeling them accord- 
ing to the rule heretofore given ; and this brings us to 
Breeding Grades. 
At the meeting of the American Association of Short-Horns, at Ind;l 
