CATTLE, HOW TO BREED. 
131 
of Favorite. Taking the two pedigrees — that ot Clarissa and "Welling' 
ton together — they will read thus : 
1. Bull, Hubback. 
2. Son of Hubback. 
3. Cow, by son of Hubback. 
4. Bull Favox-ite. 
5. 1st cow by Favorite. 
6. 2nd cow by Favorite. 
7. 3rd cow by Favorite. 
8. 4th cow by Favorite. 
, ■ 'V" • 
0. 5th cow by Favorite. 
10. 6th cow by Favorite. 
11. Clarissa. 
12. Bull Wellington, sire of Clarissa. 
13. Bull, Comet. 
14. Cow, Wildair. 
15. Cow, Young Phoenix. 
16. Cow Phoenix. 
4. Same bull Favorite on the side of 
Clarissa’s sire as on the side of 
her dam. 
17. Bull, Bolingbrokc. 
18. Granddaughter of Hubback. 
■Exercise Common Sense. 
In breeding so closely as we have advised it will be necessary that 
intelligent judgment be used. The effect of in-and-in breeding is to 
refine and render delicate the constitution. Animals closely in-bi - ed, in 
fact all highly bred animals require better care than those of a coarser 
nature. They are not as able to take care of themselves, to shift for them- 
selves ; arc in fact artificial. But on the other hand they will repay the 
care and attention bestowed, in increased profits for the food given. In 
in-and-in, or other very close breeding, care must be taken to give the 
animals an out cross as soon as you find they arc suffering in constitution 
and hardiness ; in fact when you find they are no longer getting better 
and better seek another sire, and so continue until you have got animals 
fully equal to any thorough-bred for all practical purposes, and that shall 
at the same time be marked with vigor as well as the characteristics 
wanted, whether they be for beef or milk, or both. 
Onco having begun, however, with pure sires on native stock, never by 
any chance allow a grade animal to become a sire, no matter how good 
ho may be. It can only result in loss, whatever the attempt at improve- 
ment be in animals of any kind. In swine in-and-in breeding may not 
be carried so close as in other animals. They are scrofulous and weak 
lunged at best, and close breeding soon shows in the progeny. As a rule 
one-half or three-fourths bred are good enough to bring enhanced profits 
over those usually denominated land-pikes, a picture of which may be 
found in another part q,f this work, 
