CATTI.E, HOW TO BREED. 
lit 
Figi ring Profits. 
During the winter keep the calves in the warmest quarters possible; 
feed liberally with grain and hay, and in the spring you will have the sat- 
isfaction of knowing that you have received the best profit that you will 
ever reap from the animal at any subsequent age ; but upon comparing 
debit and credit with your neighbor who has fed skim-milk alone in sum-^ 
mer and poor hay in winter, you will find that the loss on his calves ha* 
gone in the shape of profit in yours. 
From this time on feed liberally of grain in the -winter, and give a little 
all summer when they will eat it. Let them in winter be so warm that 
they never become chilled. So continue until the animal is within six 
months of being ripe for the butcher. Then feed the best you can, and 
you will be rejoiced to find that you may get two to three cents a pound 
gross weight more than your neighbor who has only half fed and has turned 
off his cattle totally unripe for the butcher. 
"The same rule will hold good for those calves intended for cows. Tc» 
make a good cow, she must be fed well to bring early development and 
maturity. She may thus be brought forward strong and lusty, and in 
better condition at two years past to bring you a perfect calf, than those 
of your neighbor at twice that age, whose policy has been to grudge them 
feed and allow them to shift for themselves. 
Castration. 
Wken the bull calves are three weeks old, if in good health, they should 
be castrated. It should certainly be done before they are four weeks old. 
Many of our best stock raisers incline to the opinion that as soon as the 
calf begins fairly to gain size and flesh, say at two weeks old, is tho proper 
time. We have never had better success than at this time. Every person 
who purposes to breed cattle should know how to do this. The operation 
is quite simple, and easily performed. 
Secure the calf so it may romain standing on its feet, but cannot struggle 
severely. Have a knifo ready with a keen-edged blade. The blade of a 
1 hudding-knife is the proper shape. Seize the scrotum from behind, and 
with two light, swift, sharp strokes cut through and into tho testicle. 
Separate the membrane where it unites, pull the testicle out until the cord 
chows from four to six inches, and cut it with a pair of nippers or rather 
dull shears. It will save loss of blood. So operate with the other, and 
the work is done. If from any cause severe bleeding ensues, inject a 
little tincture of muriate of iron into the cavities, and wet a soft rag with 
the tincture and press it well into tho cavity. If these be not at hand, 
push a little salt and lard into the cavity. If the operation has been car*- 
