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|^4 ILLUSTRATED STOCK DOCTOR. 
what is desired, and yet not do it to the "best advantage. Intelligent pen. 
sons now do not break an animal by destroying its will, they simply make 
it subservient to that of man, by letting it know at the first hampering 
for training that it will not be hurt, if it does not resist. All domestio 
animals are naturally subservient to the will of man ; they require to 
be taught what is wanted, and the individual should know that no good 
can come out of any system of training which compels the use of tho 
whip constantly. The whip is necessary only as a means of correction, 
when an animal is refractory after understanding the will of the master. 
An intelligent trainer will easily distinguish between stubborn antagonism 
and a want of comprehension. We have .iever seen young animals stub- 
born, except that they did not understand what was wanted of them ; 
and in animals that have at length been made to work in the yoke, or to 
stand quietly to be milked, but which have “freaks,” as they are called - 
when they seem wild or stubborn, it is usually the result of bad treat- 
ment in “breaking,” and tho animal is actuated almost solely by feat, 
If, in the struggle which ensues, the animal becomes master, it is there- 
after of but little use. It is better in training that the struggle be no»i 
piade necessary 
Training the Calf. 
If the calf has been raised by hand, that is, fed with milk from tho 
<yail, it will, or should have, become so gentle and familiar as to allow 
itself to be approached readily, and to respond to the call of its master. 
Many persons at this time name every calf, and thus they soon come to 
know their names when called. If firmness and at the same time gentle- 
ness have been used, so that the calf will understand that there is nothing 
to fear ; if no struggle is made, it is well on the way to understand what 
is further expected of it. It should be rubbed and curried occasion:iUy, 
especially on those parts of the body that itself cannot reach, a3 the 
head, neck and shoulders ; or, if kept in the stable constantly, it should 
be brushed all over at least once a day. Here is one of the first and 
most important lessons. At first, the calf does not know what is 
intended. If the master gets angry and beats it, it will ever after asso- 
ciate currying and brushing with a beating ; and when it gets older and 
stronger, in the constant successions of struggles to escape punishment, 
it will at length find it is the stronger animal of the two. Thereafter 
itself and not the man is master. The object of currying is not to give 
pain. It is an operation of cleaning that the animal cannot perform foi 
itself, becauso confined in a stable. If the animal is turned out durm^ 
