CHAPTER IV. 
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HOW TO SHELTEB. 
necessity of Shelter. 
cnczrsrrv o? srraLTSfc artificial protection a framed stable a cite a? 
STABLE ABOUT DARN'S A COMMON SENSE BARN A SQUARE CROSS BARN 
BASEMENTS FOR CATTLE ARRANGING TUB BASEMENT ADAPTING MEANS TO TUB 
END WHAT TO PLANT, ’ *“ “ ' 
■ , ■ : ■ -■ ,.i> •; • ■ ■ Ui «V< 
In all climates where cattle have to bo fed nearly, half the year, tho 
question of shelter becomes of the first importance. In the middle cort 
region of the West, cattle must he ..fed from four , to five mouths ; ana 
farther north, from five to six months. If the pasture in October he 
only sufficient to supply the animal waste, then such feeding is entirely 
lost so far as profit is concerned. The object of keeping cattle is to get 
growth and weight. Tho extra food given over and above tho natural waste, 
represents tho profit. Hence in the artificial feeding of cattle the question 
of shelter comes in. A cold storm will often seriously reduce the weight 
of stock. They will begin to fall away, and before they get ready to 
ao-ain increase in weight they will have had a season either longer or 
shorter when they will perhaps neither have gained or lost. The natural 
heat of the animal must be kept to about 100 degrees. In fact, the 
natural heat is 96 degrees whatever tho temperature of tho air. If it 
falls below this the animal begins to chill, and tho body is called on to 
furnish additional heat. So long as this can he supplied the animal lives., 
When it is exhausted the animal dies. 
The food given may bo compared to the fuel used under the boiler of- 
a steam engine. So long as the water stands at 200 degrees no steam is 
produced ; above 212 steam accumulates, until at length enough power is 
raised to start the wheels in motion. Thus it is with stock. Food must 
be given in proportion to the animal waste. W ith the thermometer at 
eero, and air stirring, whatever the feeding may ho the animal carrot 
gam if exposed to the wind. Under shelter tho natural heat of tho 
