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ILLUSTRATED STOCK DOCTOR. 
to discharge the heated and vitiated air through the upper part of the bam, 
there will be a constant circulation of fresh air through the basement. 
One other point must bo mentioned in reference to the wall. A concrete 
Wall contains a large amount of moisture, and if the sills are to be placed 
on before the wall becomes quite dry, which is usually the case, the 
moisture will pass up into the green timber of the sill, form a coating of 
lime on it, and prevent the sap from escaping, and the result is a rapid 
decay of the timber. To prevent this, take well-seasoned pine boards, 
12 inches wide, coat one side with gas tar, and bed this tarred side in the 
mortar on top of the wall. The sills are laid on this leveled board, and 
no moisture can come through this hoard into the sill to rot it. 
Arranging the Basement. 
These long stables must be laid out so as to render the labor as conven- 
ient as possible. There must be easy access to every animal in the stable, 
and this becomes more important when one thousand cattle are to be pro- 
vided for. Cattle are most easily attended when placed in double rows 
with their heads turned towards one feeding floor. 
In the long basement, tho first row of stanchion posts will be placed 
seven feet from tho first wall, on the side of tho first feeding floor, 14 
feet wide. On tho other side of the feeding floor is the second row of 
stanchion posts, coming up under one of the long sills, as described be- 
fore. Two and one-half feet being occupied by mangers on each side of 
this floor, will leave nine feet for a drive-way. Along this floor may 
pass a cart or wagon, with green food in Summer, or fodder in Winter. 
The third row of stanchion posts will be 10 feet from the last, under the 
second long sill, on the side of the second feeding floor; and the fourth 
row will be fourteen feet from the third, on the other side of the second 
feeding floor, and seven feet from the other wall. Here two rows of 
cattle stand, with their tails to tho walls, and the two middlo rows stand 
tail to tail, facing upon opposite floors. Tho largest animals should be 
placed in middle rows, as there is the most room. These stanchion posts 
are placed 3 feet 2 inches from center to center, and the cattle are best 
fastened to the center of a chain stretching from staple to staple driven 
into each stanchion post. These chains slide up and down on staples. 
The mangers may be placed 20 inches from the ground, and, with long 
staples, the cattle may lie down comfortably. One of the best ways to 
feed cattle, with plenty of bedding and muck for deodorizing, is to let 
them stand three or four months on tan manure, and, the mangers being 
placed high, the manure may accumulate two feet deep under them, and 
they may keep quiet clean, with the bedding and muck, and the manur* 
