178 ILLtfSTKATfiD STOCK DOCTOR. 
fe what the wise feeder seeks, for thus he secures the best possible gain, 
With the least loss in. daily natural waste of the physical system. 
Watering. 
Whether it he Winter or Summer, it is absolutely necessary that cattle 
have an aW«dance of water. Without this, given at regular times, there 
can be no profit to the feeder. Cattle may be driven to it twice a day, if 
the conditions are such that they cannot be fed in the same range where 
the water lies. When cattle are kept in stables, it is altogether better 
that the water be conducted there in pipes so as to run directly into their 
drinking troughs. It will be found cheapest in the end. If there is no 
living water, do not depend upon holes cut in the ice of ponds. It is not 
only dangerous to the cattle, but will cost more in the end than any other 
plan of watering. If the water is to be taken from wells, or ponds, erect 
a good windmill, with suitable tanks, with pipes so they will not free?e, 
leading to ample troughs. Let these be in the yards where the stock 
take their rest, or else in the feeding range. Then see that they have 
plenty of it, and plenty of salt where they can lick it at will. If the cattle 
are to be fed out-of-doors on ear corn and hay, see that proper troughs 
are provided for corn and racks for hay ; let them be large and ample. 
Where this is done, close yards should be provided with warm shelter and 
water. 
Feeding Stock Cattle.' 
In wintering stock cattle the mam dependence will oe hay or corn 
fodder. These, if good, are perfect food, that is fed together, or hay 
fed alone will keep cattle growing, if they do not suffer from the cold. 
In feeding the same rule should be adopted as in fattening cattle. See 
that they are not given enough to waste, but do not force them to eat 
rough, coarse, stalky or -weedy hay clean. No animal ever did well on 
food it did not like. To make money in growing cattle they must not go 
hungry Winter or Summer. If the fodder is prairie hay see that the 
test and softest is reserved for the calves, and next best for tho cows. 
The oxen and steers will do fairly well on hay somewhat coarser. 
How to Feed. 
Calves should have some grain daily ; oats are best, one quart each, of 
tho equivalent in other grain. Cows expected to calve the succeeding 
Spring, should have from four to six ears of corn daily, or its equivaleiat 
m some other grain; and oxen when not working, about the same. 
