CATTLE, KIND TREATMENT. 
191 
succumbs, the fat mingled with the muscles and other heat-forming sub- 
stances, will have been consumed. Yet many persons who consider them- 
selves humane and Christian men, follow this plan year after year. It is 
true they suffer in purse and in vexation. Is it possible to be supposed 
that their depleted pockets will compensate for the suffering of the poor 
brutes under their care? It is hardly a supposable case that it should 
be so. 
Animal Heat. 
The natural temperature of the body is 100 degrees. If the tempera* 
ture go above that it indicates fever ; if below it is a chill ; either condi- 
tion, if not counteracted, will be fatal to life. The advantage and 
economy of full feeding in Summer, as well as in Winter, will bo uudei v 
stood when we remember, that, whatever the temperature of the air, tho 
animal heat will be 100. When the temperature will average GO to G5 
degrees, as it will during the season of pasturage, it will require only food 
enough to raise this temperature by 35 to 40 degrees to bring it to 100. 
All else the animal cats goes to make weight. If during the Winter the 
average temperature be 30 degrees, it will require food enough to ba 
eaten to raise tho temperature by 70 degrees to reach blood beat and 
keep up the animal integrity. Here again all food taken in excess of tho 
animal waste is gain. But another integer hero steps in. It requires less 
proportionate food to keep the animal force intact with a high thermome- 
ter than with a low one ; that is, it requires more than double to supply 
the waste with the thermometer at 20 than it does with the thermom- 
eter at GO. 
There is a limit of cold beyond which neither animal nor plant, can 
endure. In other words, when the cold becomes so intense that tho 
capacity of tho stomach to digest is counteracted by the animal waste, 
death ensues. Thus we often hear of whole droves being destroyed, 
,where exposed to the force of strong chilling winds, us the “Blizzards” 
of Minnesota, “Northwesters” of the plains, and “Northers” of Texas. 
In a still atmosphere the animals would have withstood a much greater 
degree of cold, for the reason that they would have carried an atmosphere 
of heat about them. In the wind the heat was blown away, and in the 
attempt to supply heat as fast as destroyed the animal economy gave way 
and refused longer to exert itself. 
Advantages of Full Summer and Winter Feeding. 
From what we have written the reader will have learned that there is 
no economy in scant feeding of animals either in Summer or Winter. 
