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ILLUSTRATED STOCK DOCTOR. 
the thumb and finger, pass a common small pin through the edges and 
weave thread across and over to keep all in place. 
Recognizing and Distinguishing Diseases. 
The following explicit and detailed rules for recognizing diseases in an- 
imals, should be carefully studied : Anyone who would become expert in 
recognizing diseases in animals, must study them carefully in the healthy 
state, and make himself thoroughly familiar with their habits, appearance 
and general physiology. He must practice feeling their pulse and the 
heart, listening to the sounds of their lungs in breathing, and taking their 
temperature, by feeling the skin and also by using a properly constructed 
thermometer. He should watch the appearances of the eye and tongue, 
and note the positions assumed when asleep and awake. He should ob- 
serve the character and frequency of their appetite. For it is in the 
variations from health in these particulars that the veterinarian discovers 
the guides which lead him to the recognition of the particular disease he 
has to treat. We will examine each of these items separately, and assure 
our readers that if they will verify our statements by practice on the liv- 
ing animals, they will soon be in a position to take charge of them when 
sick, quite as well and often a great deal better than the average farrier, 
as he is to be found in this Country. 
The Pulse. 
The pulse differs very much in the domestic animals. Tn the full 
grown horse at rest, its beats are about forty per minute ; in the ox from 
fifty to fifty-five ; and in the sheep and pig, about as in man, that is, 
averaging seventy to eighty beats in the minute. In calves and colts, 
and in animals well advanced in years, the pulse increases, in health, to 
about twice these figures ; and it is also increased by hot, close stables, 
full feeding, and the condition of pregnancy. 
The pulse may be felt wherever a considerable artery passes over a 
bone. It is usually examined in the horse on the cord which runs over 
the bone of the lower jaw, just in front of its curved portion ; or on the 
bony ridge extending upward from the eye, or inside the elbow. In cattle 
conveniently reached over the middle of the first lib, or beneath the tail. 
There is a marked difference of force in the pulse of tho two species ; 
that of the horse being full and rather tense, while in the ox it is soft 
and rolling. 
When the pulse differs materially from these conditions in any direc- 
tion, it is a sign of disease. If rapid, full and hard, there is high fever 
