CATTLE, THEIR DISEASES. 
Its Malignant Character. 
269 
In this disease it must be remembered that in its malignant form it 
attacks not only cattle and horses, but all the herbivora, swine and birds. 
It is communicable to other and different animals by inoculation, showing 
itself in different forms, but all characterized by the breaking down of 
the blood globules, rupture of tissues and letting out blood and albumin- 
ous fluids, with gangrene, yellow or brown mucous membrane, enlargement 
and sometimes rupture of the spleen, and a very high death rate. Immense 
numbers of human beings have died first and last from eating the flesh 
of diseased animals. This is especially the case among the Tartars, who 
do not refrain from eating even the flesh of anthrax horses. As many 
as a thousand persons are recorded as having died in six weeks in San 
Domingo from eating the flesh of such diseased animals. Mosquitoes, 
and other biting insects are supposed to cause breaking out of the malig- 
nant pustule in man, from the fact of its always arising on exposed 
portions of the body. In relation to the various manifestations of the 
malignant anthrax Professor Law says : 
“Malignant anthrax may be manifested by external disease, or swelling 
or without such appearances. To the first class belong the carbuncular, 
erysipelas, of sheep and swine, malignant sore throat of hogs, gloss- 
anthrax or black tongue, black quarter or bloody murrain, the boiled 
plague of Siberia, and the malignant pustule of man. To the second 
belong all those forms of disease in which there are the specific changes 
in blood, with engorgement of the spleen, blood-staining, and exudations 
into internal organs only. 
Preventives. 
Upon the first intimation of the disease the well animals of the herd 
should be removed to clean, new pasture, where there is pure water. 
Avoid all bleeding, purging, and lowering medicines. The animals must 
bo kept up. So all local applications to the swellings seem useless. A 
6eton, composed of a yard of broad coarse tape, inserted in the dewlap 
turned every day and smeared with irritating ointment might prove ben- 
eficial. This should remain in from four to six weeks. 
Youatt and others advise the following : 
No. 25. 2 to 4 Drachms chloride of lima, 
1 Oz. prepared chalk, 
2 Drachms laudanum. • 
Mix and give in a pint of warm gruel every two or three hours. 
Recent French authors, in treating the malignant form of the disease. 
