442 
POULTRY, BREEDING. 
h — The outside and Inside feathers of the leg stop at the heel, or In some varieties they 
proceed lower and form what are called ruffles or vultured hocks. 
M — The feathers of the feet or sole are long, short, or entirely absent, In the different 
varieties. These feathers are ulong the shank in either one or several rows. They are 
always on the outside part. 
IV— 1 The feathers of the toes appear on the outsides. 
O — The middle tail feathers envelope the ruuip and cover the bases of the large feathers 
at the tail. 
P— The larger tail feathers are in a regular line of seven on each side of the rump, and 
form the tail. 
Q — The outside feather3 of the shoulders cover a part of the other feathers of the wing. 
They form the shoulder. 
li — The inside feathers of the shoulders are small, thin, and slender. 
S — The larger feathers of the pinion form, where the wing is opened, a large, arched sur- 
face, and are of different sizes. These feathers grow out of the under side of the pinion. 
T — The 6mall outside feathers of the pinion are of different sizes. They come on all the 
outside surfaces from the shoulder to the pinion. They begin quite small on the outside 
edge, and finish a medium size on the inside edge. 
U — The inside feathers of the pinion are close, middle-sized, and small, covering the 
bases of the large feathers of the pinion. 
V — The large flight feathers, or feathers of the hand, are large and strong, and are of 
most use to the bird In locomotion. They begin at the under edge of that which is called 
the top of 1 he wing. 
X — The outside flight-feathers cover the large ones ; they arc stiff and well flattened o.n 
the others. 
7 — Theinsido flight-feathers are, some small and others medium-sized; cover the bases 
of the flight-feathers. 
Z — An appendix called the pommel of the wing, which represents the fingered part. It 
Is at the joint of the pinion and has some middle-sized feathers of the same description as 
the large pinion feathers, and have some small ones to cover them. These feathers assist 
In the flight. 
When the whole wing is folded, almost all the feathers are hidden by 
the larger feathers of the pinion and middle external feathers. Classifi- 
cation of the feathers of the cock are the same as those of the hen, but 
the forms of some of them are different. 
Ideal Shape. 
The cut on next page will serve to show the contour of the fowl, the 
Dorking being the one selected on account of its compact body ; and the 
nearer the fowl comes to the ideal the more profitable it will be. Neverthe- 
less it must be remembered that each breed has its peculiar characteristics, 
and that some one point must often be sacrificed in favor of another. 
Breeding to Type. 
In the breeding of poultry, as well as farm animals, there should be 
no violent crosses made. In fact, none but the thoroughly scientific 
bleeder, who has given his life study to the task, should undertake 
