75 
1890.] at Bhot Bagan in Howrah. 
‘‘ three fold principles), they expressed all the three true repositories of 
“ Sutra, of Tathagata, in his language. The Prajnya-paramita and the 
“ Mantras in Sanscrit ; the several sorts of Tantras in several languages, 
“ Sanscrit, Pracrit, Apabhransha, in that of the mountaineers, and all 
“ sorts of mlechchhas. Accordingly all the three Vehicles (yanam) in 
“ Tibet were written in the Tibetan language.” 1 * * 4 Csoma Korosi describes 
four different systems of Buddhism derived from India. 
Mahamaya®, a revered name in Hindu mythology, and specially in 
the S'akti doctrine, is also the name of the mother of Buddha, and as 
such, around it have accumulated legendary accretions, which, in Tibet, 
have greatly predominated. The incarnation of the Grand Lamas, 
though it may at first appear, in its temporal aspect, peculiar to Tibet, 
is in its essence the widely accepted doctrine of motempsychosis in 
Hindu mythology and philosophy. 
Besides the circumstance of the import of Hindu S'astras of different 
periods into Tibet, its very situation in the midst of mountains and lofty 
peaks, sources of great rivers and springs, and lakes held equally sacred 
by the Hindus and Buddhists, has, from the remotest times, rendered 
it the common meeting ground of pilgrims of both faiths, not to mention 
the frequency of such meetings between the mountaineers and the 
people of the plains bent upon mercantile errands, whereby a blending 
of the two religions became inevitable. 
The history of the missions, moreover, brings out striking proofs 
of such blending. The very first thing, at every stage of their journeys 
from the dudrs & of Bhutan up to the mountain terraces, to Tashi Lhunpo, 
which the two envoys Bogle and Turner marked, was the very great 
respect paid by the people and the chiefs to the Gosaius and Sannyasis, 
the Gelongs,* and even Paqirs. 5 They both saw in the palace of the 
Lama, in the temples and monasteries, and in other places, idols and 
church services, to confirm them in the belief that Tibetan Buddhism 
was intimately connected with many important phases of medioaval and 
modern Hinduism. Says Bogle “ The religion of the Lamas is some- 
“ how connected with that of the Hindus, and many of their deities are 
“ the same, the Shaster is translated into their language ; and they hold 
1 Hardy’s Eastern Monachism, pp. 188-189. 
a MahamSya. In one of the Jatakas there is a legend that king Sanja became 
Snddhodana, the father of Gotama Buddha ; the queen Phnsati became Mahamaya 
Devi, his mother. Hardy’s Manual of Buddhism, p. 118, 133. 
8 Duars from Sanskrit dvdra, door, gate. 
4 Gelong, i. e., dGe-slong, a monk. 
4 Faqtra. Though applied to Muhammadan mendicants, the term is loosely 
applied to mendioanta of all religions. 
