TREES 127 
in the quality of the fruit, every specimen borne 
being perfect and of the highest grade. 
In using these trained forms against solid 
walls of brick or stone in this country, it is 
necessary to stretch wires six inches or so out 
from the wall surface and train to these in- 
stead of actually against the wall itself. This 
is because of the intense heat of the sun here 
and the consequent burning of the trees unless 
air space is provided behind them. Of course 
wire fences, arbors, and openwork supports 
generally are therefore as satisfactory to use 
here as walls; but on boundaries these do not 
afford the protection to the fruit which its 
tempting beauty is all too likely to require. 
And there is a picturesque beauty in a tree 
growing upon or before a wall which nothing 
else in the garden can rival. 
It is not my intention to take up cultural 
questions here, these being without the 
province of this book, but in passing I may 
say that these trained fruit trees offer no 
cultural difficulties that cannot be readily 
mastered by anyone. Indeed there is really 
no reason why the gardener who is so inclined 
should not succeed perfectly in training them 
for himself to any form he prefers. The regu- 
larity of the foreign trees need not be slavishly 
