140 SUBURBAN GARDENS 
emphasis upon the point which must now be 
considered — a point involving one of the 
great principles which underlies all kinds of 
planting and garden arrangement, namely the 
open center and massed boundary — preferring 
to leave it until it was arrived at naturally in 
the development of the subject. In the dis- 
posal of shrubbery we first come face to face 
with it, in close quarters. Trees would have 
brought it one chapter ahead if we had been 
considering places larger than the typical size 
to which we are restricted, although trees 
need not be quite as persistently shoved back 
to the lawn’s outer limits as shrubs. Indeed 
they cannot be, if shade requirements are to 
be met, although actually their distribution 
about a dwelling to shade the ground from 
which heat reflects in summer amounts really 
to one part of a “ massed boundary ” of the 
lawn, when considered from the lawn’s center. 
A tree or two or three may advance, how- 
ever, here and there, quite well out into the 
lawn, if the latter is spacious, but the shrubbery 
mass must not, except in so far as the undula- 
tions of its foreline, determined in plan when 
the design is made, carry it. This foreline or 
meeting line of shrubbery and lawn is most 
successful when its likeness to a rugged shore 
