11 
Foreign N on-agricultural Occupiers. 
engaged, either as chiefs or as workers, in other than agricul- 
tural industries. Nor does this altogether complete the list of 
all the professions of the German smaller holders. 
There does not seem any good reason to expect that we 
should find in England any more extensive prevalence of the 
use of the land, as a residential adjunct or convenience only 
to some more directly gain-producing business, if our census 
authorities could be persuaded to make like inquiries into the 
relation between the occupation of land and the professions, 
primary and secondary, of the occupiers. 
It may be said that Germany is, after all, a growingly 
industrial state, and that we should find a more exclusive 
use of the land as' a primary source of livelihood elsewhere. 
Turning nevertheless to an extremely small State such as Den- 
mark, so often quoted as an example of successful agricultural 
organisation, with all the aids of an excellent co-operative 
system, we may find, even there, something of the same 
disposition to regard the occupation of a small holding largely 
as a convenience or assistance to other than agricultural work. 
Gut of a total of 250,000 holdings, into which nearly 9,000,000 
acres of Danish soil is divided, nearly 172,000 are occupied 
by persons regarded as properly engaged in agriculture, with 
some 4,000 more engaged in somewhat kindred tasks in 
woodlands, gardens, and mills. The remainder, or 26 per 
cent, of the holdings, were in the hands of persons engaged 
in commerce, transport, and other industries, or held by 
professional, independent, and unclassified persons. 
It is not therefore necessary to confine attention to the 
occupation of the soil in small portions to those cases where the 
occupation is conducted for direct subsistence or production ; 
and if the English small holder is not always a true farmer, 
but something else besides, he is no less a useful unit in the 
population, and he has his counterpart in other countries 
where the cult of the small holding has been most strenuous 
and most successful, and where many domestic and other 
rural industries, largely extirpated in our own country, 
survive. 
Subject to these cautions it is interesting to start with a 
clear notion of the large aggregate of small holders which our 
English counties already have to show, and certain tables 
attached to a recent publication of the Board of Agriculture, 
and certain data annexed to the latest Small Holdings Com- 
mittee’s Report, enable this to be very conveniently done. 
Briefly, out of 372,000 occupiers of purely English farms, 
248,000, or exactly two in every three, are already small 
holders of one description or another. If we take it that a 
44 small holding ” means anything from one acre up to fifty — - 
