64 
PARASITES OF CATTLE AND SHEEP. 
SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. 
PAGE 
Introduction . . . .64 
External Parasites op Cattle 65 
Flies 65 
Ox Warble Fly . . .65 
Lice 68 
Scabies or Mange Mites . 69 
Ticks 71 
Ringworm Fungus . . 73 
Internal Parasites of Cattle 74 
Stongyles of Parasitic 
Gastritis . . . .74 
Tapeworms . . . .77 
Liver Fluke . . . .78 
Strongyles of Hoose, Husk, 
or Parasitic Bronchitis . 78 
PAGE 
External Parasites of Sheep 80 
The Maggot, Fly, or Worm 80 
Lice 80 
Ked 81 
Sheep Scab . . . .82 
Mange Mites . . . 86 
Ticks 86 
Scarlet Mite or Harvest 
Bug 87 
Internal Parasites of Sheep. 87 
Sheep Warble or Bot Fly . 87 
Parasitic Gastritis . . 88 
Liver Fluke . . . .92 
Parasitic Bronchitis . . 95 
Parasitic Pneumonia . . 95 
Gid, or Sturdy, Hydatid . 96 
The importance of parasitic diseases of cattle and sheep to the 
stock owner can scarcely be over-estimated, for, in the absence 
of the majority of destructive plague-like maladies scheduled 
under the Diseases of Animals Acts, such are probably the 
cause of more serious loss than all others, while scientific 
research and common observation have, of late, added con- 
siderably to our information concerning them. This recently 
acquired knowledge has tended to give the impression that 
parasitic disease is more prevalent than formerly. There are 
no sure grounds on which to form an opinion on this point ; 
but it is certain that the category is swollen by the newly 
attained power of placing diseases in proper relation to their 
several causes. In the past it was the fashion to name an 
ailment after its most prominent symptom ; at present it is 
customary to associate cause and effect. For instance, “ husk ” 
of the older school we term “parasitic bronchitis ” ; formerly 
“ diarrhoea ” was regarded as a disease, and the name, or its more 
familiar equivalent, “scour,” was applied to conditions in which * 
it was a prominent symptom ; now we speak of it in relation 
to its cause, under the heads of “parasitic gastritis,” &c. 
In considering the adoption of measures to lessen losses 
from parasitic attack, those of a preventive nature will be 
found of greatest value. In cases of internal affections, it 
is often beyond our power to do much good after disease is 
established. The greatest importance attaches therefore to a 
knowledge of the conditions essential to the life and develop- 
ment of parasites both within and without the host 
