Tapeworms. 
77 
present state of our knowledge, if there are good grounds for 
suspecting cattle of being infested, while they are fit for the 
butcher, it is probably economical to sell, rather than treat 
them. Unfortunately, however, infested cattle are usually 
emaciated before the nature of the malady is realised, and 
sale to the butcher is then out of the question. If remedial 
measures are to be adopted, the animals to be treated must be 
kept warm ; and as the disease is usually noticed in the late 
autumn and winter, it is best, if possible, to house them. 
This, in addition to protection from cold, which the ansemic 
state demands, will allow of the destruction of the parasite eggs 
passing from the patient. A liberal diet is equally necessary. 
Drugs likely to kill or expel these worms must be potent, 
and care must be taken to make certain that what is given does 
not injure the “ host ” more than the parasite. The choice and 
administration are best directed by the veterinary surgeon. It 
has been the practice to prescribe chloroform, turpentine, tar, 
carbolic acid, thymol, lysol, &c., and we are disposed to the 
view that in the incipient stage of the disease, in cases 
where the struggle between parasite and host is just in the 
balance, such drugs, especially the first named, may turn the 
balance in favour of the host. Periodic administration of such 
medicines, bitter tonics, and plenty of common salt, probably 
ward off attack, and we think this plan may be adopted with 
advantage in situations given to the disease. 
As a cure and preventive, tobacco has been highly spoken 
of. Mr. Ernest Mathews advocates the administration of half 
an ounce of shag tobacco in the form of a ball every other day 
for a week, then allowing an interval of a week, and, in the 
case of animals showing symptoms, proceeding in this manner 
until marked improvement is effected. As a preventive, the 
same dose is given on alternate days for a week, at equal 
intervals, four or five times while the animals are at grass. 
The animals are supplied with pure water to which a little 
lime has been added. We have received other testimony 
appearing to be favourable to this method of treatment which 
seems worthy of an extended trial. 
Tapeworms. — The intestines may harbour tapeworms, or 
Teenies , of three species. Neither, as a rule, gives rise to 
appreciable symptoms. These curious creatures are really a 
colony of segments in Indian file, each fully adapted for 
purposes of reproduction, and the mature ones farthest from 
the head contain immense numbers of eggs. 
The most common is the broad tapeworm ( Tcenict expansa ), 
remarkable for its great length (sometimes reaching sixty feet), 
and the breadth of its segments. It occasionally gives rise 
to some abdominal pain. This, however, is rare. The same 
