Parasitic Gastritis in Sheep. 
89 
general and the losses so great among the flocks of Lincolnshire 
that it acquired the name of “ Lincolnshire lamb disease.” 
It has also been spoken of as “true lamb disease.” The 
malady is most commonly met with in the autumn. 
Symptoms .— The principal symptoms are diarrhoea, wasting, 
and anaemia, depression, loss of appetite for food, a disposition 
to eat sandy or gritty material, thirst, and a high temperature. 
In a considerable proportion of cases cough is noticeable. 
Severe cases may prove fatal in two or three days after 
symptoms are first appreciable, while some of the affected may 
live for weeks. 
Post-mortem examination usually reveals in the stomach a 
dirty-looking liquid containing sand or gritty particles. The 
internal lining of this organ may be pale and watery-looking, 
or red from inflammation. The first part of the small intestine 
and the caecum (large bowel) show patches of redness, while 
in the latter may be found small strongyles of the same species 
as those of the stomach, and others, as the whipworm 
( Trichocephalus affinis ), which are occasionally so numerous 
as to induce irritation and diarrhoea. On examination of the 
lungs, the parasite which gives rise to “ husk ” is usually found, 
as well as some inflammation of these organs. 
Co-existing in the same animal with the above-named, 
or alone, the broad tapeworm ( Tcenia expansa) is sometimes 
to be found in large numbers. Its presence is associated 
with diarrhoea and wasting, and may be revealed by the 
appearance of the whitish segments resembling short pieces 
of narrow tape in the droppings. It is remarkable that 
the manner of life and the conditions essential to the develop- 
ment of these parasites outside the stomach and intestines 
are so far unknown to science. The picture revealed at post 
mortem, however, tells plainly enough that some conditions, 
to which affected flocks have been subjected, must have been 
favourable to infestation of sheep, and that presumably some 
foregoing circumstances must have favoured the life and 
increase of parasites of several distinct species. These con- 
ditions appear to be the same as those referred to as favouring 
infestation of cattle with their stomach strongyles. 
Prevention. — Attempts at prevention must be adopted 
along the same lines as those suggested in case of the cattle 
stomach worm. If practicable, lambs, where the disease is 
known to have existed for a year or so, should not graze after 
sheep, as it is possible that, though not appreciably affected, 
adult sheep, or indeed lambs, may pass on to the pasture a large 
number of eggs, which the more readily affected lambs might 
acquire. The smaller the area of the grazing ground the 
greater chance there will be for lambs or sheep to take in a 
