95 
Parasitic Pneumonia in Sheep. 
liver rot is detected in a flock, and it seems likely that the 
disease has been acquired on the farm, it will probably prove 
most economical to kill the whole flock, as it is impossible 
to determine what animals may not be infested. 
Plentiful supply of good dry food, to which has been added 
some edible salt and some bitter tonic, may assist the infested 
sheep to recovery, while it may help to expel any flukes which 
may happen to be in the intestine. Pastures should not be 
overstocked, and high ground is preferable. 
Parasitic Bronchitis. — Two species of strongyle infest the 
bronchial tubes or lung tissue of sheep. 
Strongylus filaria or Bronchial Strongyle. — This worm 
of the sheep corresponds so closely in structure, size, habits, 
and, as far as is known, development and disease-producing 
characters, with the Strongylus micrurus of the ox, that the 
reader is referred to the account of the latter parasite for 
details respecting these points. It is, however, to be remarked 
here, that the parasitic bronchitis, &c., caused by the 
Strongylus filaria, principally affects lambs and yearlings, and 
rarely adult sheep. Diarrhoea, due to the small stomach worms 
of the sheep, and parasitic bronchitis often co-exist in the same 
animal. The fatalities are probably greater in lambs than in 
cattle. 
Prevention and curative treatment must follow on the lines 
suggested in reference to the bronchial strongyle of the ox. 
Parasitic Pneumonia. — The lungs of sheep of the age of one 
year and upwards may be infested with a very slender 
worm ( Strongylus ru/escens ), which is usually from one to 
two inches long and of a reddish-brown colour. In its adult 
form it is not often found in large numbers in the bronchial 
tubes. The embryos invade the tissue of the lung and set up 
inflammation in larger or smaller areas rendering them solid. 
If these solid parts are cut into, and scrapings from the cut 
surface examined under the microscope, numerous embryos of 
a peculiar form and parts of the adult worm may be observed. 
This strongyle then does its main injury by means of its 
embryos, which get into the substance oj: the lung, inducing 
pneumonia, while the effects of the bronchial strongyle are 
chiefly on the bronchial tubes — bronchitis. These parasites 
may co-exist in the same animal, but in the adult sheep the 
more serious results are due to the lung strongyle. The losses 
from attack of this worm are sometimes very extensive, and 
the rapid course and fatal results of general invasion of the 
lung alarming. Probably a large number of isolated cases of 
death due to the worm are attributed to other causes. 
Symptoms. — The symptoms of the disease caused by the 
lung strongyle usually attract less attention than those caused 
