204 Agricultural Education and Forestry Exhibition , 1906. 
Similarly, it was shown that if black and white rosecomb 
bantams are crossed, the cross-breds are all black. But when 
these cross-breds are mated and a number of chickens are 
hatched, it is found that three-quarters of the progeny are black 
and one- quarter white. And just as all the bearded or the 
smooth-chaffed wheats of the second generation breed true, 
while one-third only of the beardless and rough chaffs breed 
true ; so it is found that all the white bantams of the second 
generation breed true, while two out of every three blacks will 
not do so. 
It is possible to fix the black or white colour of the 
bantam, and also the bearded or beardless and rough or smooth 
characters in wheat ; but it is not always possible to extract 
pure-breds from crosses in this way. Thus in the progeny 
of a cross between a short and long eared wheat it was found 
that short ears, long ears, and intermediate ears appeared ; that 
it was possible to get both the long and the short ears to breed 
true ; but that the intermediate ears would not fix, for these 
last appear to be permanent mongrels. - A very interesting 
parallel case in fowls was shown, viz., the Blue Andalusian, 
which, like the intermediate wheat, is a permanent mongrel. 
A pure breed of Blue Andalusians cannot be made ; so that, 
however long the pedigree, this fowl will always produce a 
certain proportion of dark or light coloured birds known 
by the breeders as “wasters.” Such examples as these, which 
show that some pure-breds may be fixed in the second 
generation from the cross, and that other breeds will never 
fix, require an alteration in some of our ideas about 
“ pedigree.” 
The uses to which these principles of breeding (Mendel’s) 
may be put in producing new varieties was shown by 
several of the exhibits. For example, in barleys differing 
in two pairs of characters it was shown, when in one case the 
ears of barley were six-rowed and hooded and in the other 
two-rowed and bearded, that the cross-bred was two-rowed 
and hooded and that the descendants of the cross-bred 
consisted of the following types : six-row hooded, six-row 
bearded, two-row hooded, two-row bearded. The characters 
present in the original parents therefore appeared in fresh 
combinations. Certain of the individuals which showed these 
new combinations of characters bred true. 
Not only characters, such as colour and hairiness, are 
inherited in a definite way, but it is now known that the 
power of plants to resist disease may follow the same laws. 
To demonstrate this important fact, an exhibit was arranged 
showing in one pot a variety of wheat immune to yellow rust, 
but otherwise of no value for general cultivation, and in a second 
