38 
Welsh Ponies and Cobs. 
man. representing the ruder civilisation, and the cave man the 
higher culture — so also, according to Professor Ridgeway (author 
of Origin and Influence of the Thoroughbred Horse), and 
Professor Cossar Ewart (Regius Professor of Natural History in 
the University of Edinburgh), the authorities on these subjects, 
there were two distinct sub-species of the class Equus which 
demand a passing reference. 
The one called E. caballus represented the fully developed 
one-hoofed horse, which has been introduced to us as a more 01 
less new-comer of the Pleistocene and not a survivor of the 
Pliocene era. His proportions were those of the middle-sized 
horse of the present day. 
Another smaller type, about the size of the donkey, is 
alluded to by Professor Ridgeway as E. plicidens. 
Professor Cossar Ewart tells us that there lived in England 
three or four kinds of wild horses. One allied to the E. 
robustus of Solutre, one to the E. sivalensis of India, 01 the 
E. Stenonis of Italy, and the other, with fine cannon bones, and 
short pillared teeth, to which he gave the name E. Agilis , and 
which includes the plateau type alluded to farther on, in 
connection with the subject of our mountain ponies. Who 
were the suspected progenitors of a more recently differentiated 
sub-species of this class, named by Professor Cossai Ewart, 
“ E. caballus celticus ,” is a problem upon which information 
is wanting, and therefore this must remain a subject of 
speculation. 
The differences between the two types, E. caballus and 
E. caballus celticus , appear to be as follows : that E. caballus 
(both the larger and smaller type) sported small hock (heel) 
callosities on the hind legs, as well as larger ones on the fore- 
limbs, and also exhibited the regulation ergots (fetlock pads), 
the tail being covered with long hairs from base to end, while 
E. caballus celticus , in common with the Asses and Zebras, was 
destitute of these hall-marks of superiority and those external 
signs, which some have argued are vestigial footpads, whilst 
others have regarded them as the remains of scent glands. 
E. caballus celticus , too, rejoiced in a taillock fringe 
a peculiarity of appendage that was in contradistinction 
to the more orthodox hair dressing arrangements of the E. 
caballus. 
Though the bones that have remained tell a tale of the 
existence both of a stouter and of a more slender limbed sub- 
species, all signs of any external accessories or trimmings in 
the shape of skin or tissue, chestnut or ergot, have long since 
disappeared. 
From the name one would naturally suppose that the Welsh 
pony derived his origin from this Celtic-called ancestor. As a 
