Welsh Ponies and Cols. 
39 
matter of fact the pony was so named because he was found in 
Ireland and the Islands of Scotland. Though the Welsh, we 
presume, represent the Aryan race of Celts as much as the Irish 
or Scottish Highlanders, the ponies in the Principality appear 
to have no affinity with the so-called E. caballus celticus or 
the inferior races of animals, Connemara, Icelandic, Faroe, 
Hebridean, Shetland, Russian and Norwegian; inferior because 
there was either a total absence or suspicious deficiency in the 
matter of these callosities, chestnuts and ergots, in them, while 
in the Welsh pony these outward and visible signs that 
are requisite to qualify for admission to the family of the E. 
caballus are found. 
^ hether this Celtic pony ever lived upon Cambrian soil is 
a matter of conjecture, but it must not be forgotten that in 
those early times no barriers were offered to the migration of 
Asiatic and African animals, from utmost East to utmost West 
of those drylands which included Great Britain and Ireland. 
It may be, therefore, that the so-called Celtic pony left his 
home in Central Asia and reached Europe before the arrival of 
neolithic man, in which case some of his species might have 
remained in Whies, as well as in Connemara and the outer 
Hebrides, where, undoubtedly, he has been found. 
While the discoveries mentioned above would show that 
the fully developed E. caballus existed side by side with 
earliest man, there is unfortunately no trace of any rude 
pictorial effort incised upon antler or rib of deer, showing a 
representative of the pony world, in the full glory of upright 
mane, taillock fringe and dorsal band. 
It is, however, pretty certain that what existed in the more 
eastern, also existed in the more western part of the country, 
and that when Julius Caesar uttered his oft-construed comments 
on our race of horses, there existed somewhat similar specimens 
in that part of the country where dwelt the tribal Ordovices 
and Silures. It is, however, probable, that as the lands of the 
we st Avere, from a climatic and altitudinous point of view, not 
so suitable for the breeding and thriving of such animals as 
those of the east, the horses were more pony-like, and the 
“ wee beasties” and ponies more “puny still.” 
The Pre-Norman Horse of Wales. 
Many readers and writers in search of information upon 
the early history of our horse breeds, have fallen back upon 
Julius Caesar as an authority, and even gone again through the 
commentaries he wrote upon his Gallic wars, with an avidity 
they perhaps hardly displayed in their earlier days. In 
referring, hoAvever, to the British horses, he (Julius Caesar) 
