I 
/ 
Welsh Ponies and Cobs. 41 
chattels of the non-jousting “ plaine countryman ” that comes 
into our story here. 
Next after the ambling horse comes the so-called Rowney, 
Runey or Sumpter. It is rather difficult precisely to place this 
particular beast of burden in an up-to-date category. E. 
elitellarius (the animal that carried the pack saddle) was his 
definition in the days of Giraldus Cambrensis, and E. vilis 
the uncomplimentary designation bestowed upon him in 
Spain. 
The champion of the present-day Pack horse in Pembroke, 
or Devon, might possibly resent even the most distantly 
suggested affinity with such a lowly relation of the past. 
Both types of animals in their 'day— if history speaks aright of 
them — worked at a similar carrying trade. 
The Pack House in Wales. 
To the Pack horse of a later day has always been assigned 
in fiction the responsibility of bearing illegitimate burdens 
m the shape of smugglers’ casks, and other contraband goods, 
from sea coast to hiding place, as also the more legitimate, 
but often not less commodious, load of farmers’ wives, on 
pillions. 
Whether this Sumpter or Pack horse of a bygone day had a 
separate past worth investigating or a future before him is a 
present day question both in Pembrokeshire and Carmarthen- 
shire, as well as in Devonshire. As concerns Carmarthenshire, 
the so-called Pack horses I have seen are Welsh cobs pure and 
simple masquerading under a new name, while the Pembroke- 
shire Pack horse, roadster or cob, I should unhesitatingly 
classify as a larger and better developed edition of the old 
Welsh cob. 
The Light Carter in Wales. 
The third estate mentioned of Howel as the working horse, 
the Equus operarius (the animal that drew the car), or the 
Equus occatorius (that draws the harrow), more especially 
invites our comparison with the specimens of our own times. 
This animal, we take it, is represented to-day in the light 
carter or collier of the Principality. Such a one was an old 
horse now dead that was visited by many last year (a.D. 1912), 
and by all regarded as a very remarkable old horse of a fine 
type, and original characteristics. He was an old bay horse, 
belonging to Messrs. Howells (Narberth, Pembrokeshire), and 
rejoicing in the name of Stonecr acker — a name well earned, 
for, besides being used for stud purposes during the twenty- 
three years of his long life, he carried stone from the 
