Annual Report for 1913 of Royal Veterinary College. 357 
What precedes may be summed up by saying that tuberculous 
disease of the udder should be suspected when it is discovered 
that in any one of the quarters there is enlargement with 
induration but without pain or tenderness, and when it is. 
observed that the enlargement and induration are increasing 
although the milk is but little altered in quantity or quality. 
It has already been pointed out above that acute inflamma- 
tions of the udder are never tuberculous, but, unfortunately for 
diagnosis, tuberculous inflammation is not the only one that 
runs a chronic course. Many of the acute inflammations of 
the udder when they subside leave a certain amount of chronic 
induration of the diseased quarter, but in the immense majority 
of such cases the diseased quarter is smaller than normal, as is 
easily recognised on comparing it with the opposite quarter. 
An abnormally small quarter, therefore, need not be suspected 
of tuberculosis although it is somewhat indurated. There are, 
however, cases of chronic inflammation of the udder caused 
by other organisms than the tubercle bacillus which are 
characterised by enlargement and a certain degree of induration, 
and these are the cases which are most difficult to distinguish 
from tuberculosis of the udder by simple examination of the 
diseased part with the eye and hand. In such cases an accurate 
diagnosis can only be made by microscopic examination of 
the milk or by testing it by experimental inoculation into 
guinea-pigs or other animals. However, the fact that tuberculous 
inflammation of the udder is not the only form of udder disease 
accompanied by enlargement and induration of the diseased 
quarter or quarters does not relieve the owner from the 
obligation of suspecting and reporting every case in which 
these symptoms are present. 
Tuberculosis ivith emaciation . — This is an expression which 
admits of more than one interpretation. In the first place, the 
word “ emaciation ” can scarcely be defined with precision, but 
probably it was intended to cover cases in which the animal is 
in such a thin condition as to suggest the existence of actual 
disease. Putting aside cases of tuberculosis of the udder, there 
are cases in which a simple clinical examination may leave 
little or no doubt that a cow or other bovine animal is tuber- 
culous although it is not thin or emaciated. Such are cases in 
which certain of the superficial lymphatic glands of the body 
are markedly enlarged, but it is to be noted that under the 
Order there is no obligation to report these. Provided the 
animal does not present any indications of tuberculosis of the 
udder it does not come under the Order unless it is emaciated. 
There is no doubt that a great many of the emaciated cows, 
or so-called “ wasters,” are tuberculous, and their poor condition 
is then due to the destructive effects of the tuberculous disease 
