52 
Synopsis of the Birds 
Young male over one year, the same, with the throat black. 
Orchard Oriole , Oriolus mutatus , Wils . Am. Orn. i. p . 64. 
j>7. 4. jfig. i. female , ^g. 2. wa/e years o/e?, j/ig. 3. ma?e 
^ree years old. fig. 4. ae?a/£ male. Oriolus spurius , L. 
Inhabits all parts of the union in summer : rather common. 
SUBGENUS III XANTHORNUS. 
Xanthornus , Cuv . Genus Agelaius , Vieill. 
Bill robust, straight ; sinus angle acute, not deep. 
Female half the size of the male. 
Constantly gregarious: avoid woods, living chiefly in mea- 
dows. Feed principally on insects and seeds. Build in 
society ; nests not constructed with much art. 
51. Icterus ph(eniceus, Daud. Black ; lesser wing-coverts red. 
Young and autumnal male, feathers skirted with rufous. 
Female and very young, blackish varied with whitish. 
Red -winged Starling, Sturnus prcedatorius, Wils. Am. 
Orn. iv.p. 30. pi. 30. fig. i. male in summer dress fig. : female. 
Inhabits the whole of North America in very numerous 
flocks : departing from the northern states in winter. 
52. Icterus xanthocephalus, Nob. Black ; head, neck and 
breast yellow-orange ; a white spot on the wing. 
Female and young dark brown; wings immaculate; 
throat whitish ; a rounded yellow patch on the breast. 
Ydlow-headtd Troopial, Icterus icterocephalvs JVob. Am. 
Orn. i. p. 26. pi. 4. fig . l. male. fig. 2. female. 
Inhabits the western territory of the United States, Mexico, 
and South America : common. 
SUBGENUS IV EMBERIZOIDES. 
Passerina, Vieill. Fringilla, Emberiza, Sturnus , Oriolus , 
Tanagra, fyc. auct. 
Bill short, thick, conic, not much acuminated, straight ; 
frontal sinus acute, not deep. 
Intimately allied to Fringilla; though still more closely 
related to the preceding subgenus. 
