of the United States. ? i 
dining to ash ; line over the eye and all beneath, white ; 
wings dusky, without bands; bill short ; irides brown. 
Warbling Flycatcher , Muscicapa melodic/, Wils. Am. Orn. 
v. p. 85 * pi'- 42 . fig. 2 . Muscicapa ( since Sylvia) gilva , Vieill . 
Inhabits during summer throughout the union : not very 
common. 
91. Vireo olivaceus, Nob. Yellow-olive ; crown ash, with 
a black lateral line ; line over the eye ; and all beneath 
white ; wings without bands ; bill elongated ; irides red. 
Red-eyed Flycatcher , Muscicapa olivacea, Wils. Am. Orn . 
ii. p. 55. pi. 12. fig. 3 . Muscicapa olivacea , L. 
Inhabits every part of the United States during the warm 
and temperate season: common. Forms the link between 
Vireo and Sylvia. 
19. LAN1US. 
Lanius , L. Briss. Gm. Lath. III. Cuv. Vieill. Temm. Ranz. 
Bill moderate, robust, straight, much compressed, base 
with rigid, porrect bristles : upper mandible rounded above, 
hooked at tip, acute, with an acute tooth each side near the 
tip ; lower shorter, acute, notched and toothed near the tip ; 
nostrils basal, lateral, half closed by a vaulted membrane : 
tongue short, triangular, lacerated at tip. Feet robust; 
tarsus longer than the middle toe, lateral ones nearly equal ; 
inner free; hind toe wide, at base beneath flattened, more 
robust than the others, a little shorter than the lateral : nails 
moderate, compressed, acute ; that of the hind toe largest. 
Wings moderate ; spurious feather very short ; second and 
third primary longest. Tail of twelve feathers. 
Female and young of the American species hardly differ 
from the adult males. Some species moult once, others twice 
in the year. 
Distrustful: courageous: sanguinary. Feed on insects 
and small birds : take their stand on high limbs whence they 
watch for prey ; hold it while feeding in one foot* standing 
