of the United States* 
111 
§ 2 . Palate scooped and grooved . 
SUBGENUS II. CARDUELIS. 
Oarduelis , Linaria Cuv . Section Longicones , Temm . 
Genus ( arduelis , jBnss. Genera Fringilla , Linaria , UieilL 
Bill subelongated, narrower than the head, straight, com- 
pressed : both mandibles acute. 
181 . Fringilla tristis, L. Wings black, varied with white • 
tail feathers black, interiorly white at tip. 
Male, in summer dress, yellow ; crown black. 
Female, young, and autumnal male, brown-olive ; beneath 
yellowish-white. 
Yellow-bird or Goldfinch , Fringilla tristis , JFiZs. Onz. 
i. p. 20 pl- l. 2 . adult male in summer dress ; and JVob< 
Am. Orn . i. jp. 57 . p/. o.^. 4 . female. 
Inhabits the United States, Mexico, and South America, 
extending northward to the Arctic regions ; generally leaves 
the northern and middle states during winter : common. 
182. Fringilla psaltria, Say. Olivaceous; beneath wholly 
yellow ; crown, wings and tail, black ; wings varied with 
white ; three outer tail feathers white on the middle of the 
inner web. 
Arkansaw Siskin, Fringilla psaltria, JYob. Am. Orn. i. p. 
54. pi. 6 . fig. 3. male. 
Inhabits Missouri and Arkansaw. 
183. Fringilla pinus, Wils. Flaxen, streaked with black ; 
wings bifasciate with cream colour; shafts of the wing 
feathers rich yellow ; lateral tail feathers yellow at base. 
Pine Finch , Fringilla pinus , Wils. Am. Orn. ii. p. 133. 
pi. 57. fig. 1. winter plumage. 
Inhabits the northern regions ; a visitant in the middle 
and southern states, during winter : rare. 
