112 
Synopsis of the Birds 
184 . Fringilla linaria, L. Dusky-gray ; beneath whitish ; 
frontlet and chin black ; head, neck, and rump (in perfect 
males), tinged with crimson ; wing and tail feathers blackish, 
margined with whitish. 
Lesser Red-poll , Fringilla linaria , Wils . Am. Orn. iv. p. 
42. pi. 30. fig. 4. male ; and ix. p. i £6. 
Inhabits the north of both continents ; visiting the tempe- 
rate climates in winter ; rare in Pennsylvania, but in some 
years appearing in large flocks. 
SUBGENUS III. FRINGILLA. 
Pyrgita, Fringilla , Vidua, Cuv. Genus Passer, Briss. 
GenusFringilla, Vieill. Sections Brevicones,Laticones, Temm , 
Bill short, narrower than the head, perfectly conic. 
185. Fringilla iliaca, Merrem. Mottled with reddish-brown 
and cinereous ; beneath white, with large reddish-brown 
blotches ; tail bright ferruginous. 
Fox-coloured Sparrow, Fringilla rufa (ferruginea), Wils. 
Am. Orn. Hi. p. 53 . pi. 22 . fig. 4 . 
Inhabits the northern regions; visiting the middle and 
Southern states in winter : common. 
186 . Fringilla erythrophthalma, L. Black; belly white; 
flanks and vent bay ; tail rounded, three outer feathers partly 
white ; bill black. 
Female, reddish-brown where the male is black. 
Towhe Bunting, Emberiza erythrophthalma, Wils. Am. 
Orn. ii. p . 35. pi. 10. fig. 5. male; and vi. p. 90 . pi. 53. fig. 
5 . female. 
Inhabits throughout the Union during summer ; wintering 
also in the southern states : common. Somewhat anoma- 
lous, ( 17 .*) 
