of the United States . 
115 
the margins of the lower, acute and much incurved at tip ; 
palate smooth and scooped ; lower mandible shorter, straight, 
rather obtuse : nostrils basal, lateral, small, rounded, en- 
tirely or partially covered by the incumbent feathers of the 
frontlet : tongue thick, somewhat fleshy, rather obtuse, 
entire. Tarsus shorter than the middle toe, which is 
united at base to the outer ; lateral toes subequal ; inner 
hardly longer than the hind one, which is strongest : hind 
nail largest. Wings rather short, acute ; first primary equal 
to the fifth ; second, third, and fourth longest. Tail hardly 
emarginate. 
Female differs considerably from the male. Generally 
moult twice a year. 
Live in forests. Feed on seeds, drupes, nuts, which they 
break, as well as on buds and germs of trees. Build in trees, 
thickets : lay 4 — 5 eggs. 
Spread all over the globe. 
So closely allied to Fringilla by intermediate species, that 
it ought perhaps only to be considered as a subgenus. 
193. Pyrrhula frontalis, Nob. Dusky-brownish ; head, neck, 
breast and rump, vivid crimson ; belly whitish, streaked with 
dusky ; tail nearly even. 
Female dusky-brown, feathers edged with whitish ; no 
crimson ; beneath whitish, streaked with du*sky. 
Crimson-necked Bull-finch , Pyrrhula frontalis , Nob. Am. 
Orn. i. p. 49. pi. 6. fig. i. male , fig. 2. female. 
Fringilla frontalis , Say. nec Lath. 
Inhabits during summer near the Rocky Mountains. 
Most closely allied to the preceding as a species, though 
generically distinct. 
193. Pyrrhula enucleator, Teram. Wings bifasciate with 
white, and with the tail, black, the feathers edged with 
whitish. 
