116 Synopsis of the Birds 
Adult male, head, neck, and beneath, orange. 
Young male, the same parts and the rump, red. 
Female, top of the head and rump, brownish-orange ; 
beneath cinereous, slightly tinged with orange. 
Pine Grosbeak , Loxia enucleator , Wils . dim, Orn. i. p, 
SO. pi, 5. fig. 2 . young male about one year old . 
Inhabits the cold regions of both continents, whence it 
occasionally visits temperate climates in winter : very rare 
in Pennsylvania. Forms the link between Pyrrhula and 
Loxia, to the species of which it is closely allied by its habits, 
and by its unusual change of plumage. 
36. LOXIA. 
Loxia , Briss . L . Gm. Lath. III. Cuv. Temm. Vieill. Ranz. 
Crucirostra, Baud, Meyer. Nilson. 
Curvirostra , Scopoli. Dumeril, Wilson. Brehm, 
Bill robust, convex, mandibles crossing each other and 
compressed towards the tip : nostrils basal, small, rounded, 
covered by the small, incumbent frontlet feathers : tongue 
cartilaginous, short, entire, acute at tip. Tarsus subequal 
to the middle toe ; toes divided ; lateral subequal, considerably 
shorter than the middle one : hind nail largest, much incurv- 
ed. Wings moderate, acute; first and second primaries 
longest. Tail emarginate. 
Female and young differ considerably from the adult 
male, and from each other ; the young also, according to 
age, and the adult, to season; although they moult but 
once a year. 
Habits similar to those of the Fringillae and Pyrrhulae. 
Keep principally in pine forests. Feed on nuts, and seeds of 
trees of the pine family, from the cones of which their singu- 
lar bill is well formed for extracting them. According 
tp authors, build and reproduce during winter in our 
