117 
of the United States . 
temperate climates ; return to the arctic regions on the ap- 
proach of summer ; migrating at irregular periods, and then 
appearing in great numbers in certain countries. Agile ; not 
timorous ; easily tamed at all ages. 
Confined to northern regions. 
194. Loxia curvirostra, L. Wings without bands ; bill as 
long as the middle toe ; point of the lower mandible crossing 
the top of the bill. 
Adult male greenish yellow ; rump yellow. 
Female and young before the first moult, greenish; rump 
3 T ellowish ; beneath whitish, streaked with dusky. 
Young male after the first moult, red. 
American Crossbill , Curvirostra americana , Wits. Am, Orn . 
iv. p. 44. pi. 31. fig. l. young male ! fig. 2. adult male ? 
Inhabits the high northern latitudes of both continents ; 
migrates during winter to the northern and middle states, 
where a few breed : rather common, (is.) 
195. Loxia leucoptera, Gm. Wings bifasciate with white. 
Different states as in the preceding. 
White-winged Cross-bill , Curvirostra leucoptera , Wils . Am. 
Orn. iv. p. 48. pi. 41 • fig. 4. young male ; and Nob. Am. Orn. 
ii. pi. 14. fig . 3. female. 
Inhabits the northern parts of America ; migrating in win- 
ter to the temperate regions of the northern and middle 
states : rare. 
FAMILY XV. COLUMBINI. 
Order Columbce , Lath. Temm. Order Giratores , Blain- 
ville. Order Columbini , Stephens. Pigeons (. Family of Gal - 
linne), Cuv. Columbini , III. Vieill. Lair. Giranti , Ranz. 
Bill short, straight, compressed; upper mandible vault- 
ed, more or less attenuated in the middle, turgid and curved 
at tip, dilated so as to cover the lower, with a soft, fleshy, 
Vol. II. 15 
