316 
Synopsis of the Birds 
Spread all over the world, even some of the species. 
Wantonly multiplied by superficial observers; most difficult 
to distinguish correctly by brief descriptions. 
SUBGENUS I. \HEMIPALAMA. 
Hemipalama , Nob . Cbs. Nom. Mils. Orn . 
Feet 4-toed ; anterior connected at base by a membrane. 
Peculiar to America. Connects admirably the two allied 
genera Numenius and Tringa. Well marked, but perhaps 
artificial. 
245 Tringa himantopus, Nob. Bill much longer than the 
head, sub-arched ; tarsus longer than the bill ; rump white, 
banded with black ; middle tail feathers longest. 
Long-legged Sandpiper , Tringa himantopus , Nob. Am. 
Orn. Hi. 
Inhabits the middle states in summer and autumn. 
Anomalous: closely related to. Numenius, and as to natu- 
ral affinity, still more so to Totanus ! Ought not to be 
separated from T. subarquata, Tenim. by the straight-billed 
T. semipalmata, Wds. with which it claims no alliance, 
except on account of its semipalmated feet. 
246. Tringa semipalmata, Wils. Bill shorter than the head, 
straight ; feet moderate ; rump blackish ; middle tail feathers 
longest. 
Semipalmated Sandpiper , Tringa semipalmata , Wils . vii. 
p. 131. pi. 63 .fig. 4. 
Inhabits common throughout the United States. Except 
by its feet, closely related to T. pusilla, minuta, &c. 
SUBGENUS II. TRINGA. 
Calidris, Pelidna , Cuv. 
Feet 4-toed ; anterior cleft to the base. 
Spread all over the world. Connected much more with 
the preceding by the European subgenus Machetes, Cuv. in 
