of the United Slates. 393 
the winter in the middle states : very numerous in several 
parts of Europe. 
341. Fuligula rufitorques, Nob. Mirror bluish-ash 5 chin 
white ; a bluish-white band across the bill ; no crest. 
Male black, belly white, sides waved with gray ; a chesnut 
collar. 
Female glossy brownish, face and belly white. 
Tufted Duck, Anas fuligula , Wils. Am. Orn. viii. p. 60 . 
pi. 67 .fig. 5. Anas rvjitorques , Nob . 
Inhabits North America, where it is widely spread : not 
uncommon in autumn and early spring in the middle states. 
Resembling Fuligula cristata, of the old continent.* 
SUBGENUS V. CLANGULA. 
Carrots, Cuv . Clangula , Boie. Clangula, Harelda, 
Leach. Steph. 
Bill short, narrow, elevated, somewhat attenuated at the 
end. Nostrils basal, suboval. Tail long, mostly of sixteen 
feathers. 
Live in extreme northern latitudes. 
342. Fuligula clangula, Nob. Mirror white ; under wing- 
coverts black ; tail rounded, of sixteen rounded feathers. 
Male white 5 back wings and tail black, head tumid, pur- 
plish-green, a white spot each side of the head. 
* Fuligula cristata , Steph. Mirror white ; bill much wider at tip than 
at base; crested. 
Male glossy black, belly white ; head with a large flowing crest. 
Female similar to the male, colors brownish-black ; crest shorter. 
Young destitute of the crest, brown tinged with rusty ; round the eyes 
whitish. 
Anas fuligula , et scandiaca , Gm. Anas cristata, Ray. Tufted Duck , 
Lath. Le Morillon , Ruff. pi. enl. 1001. adult male. 
Inhabits the Arctic regions of the old continent, whence it spreads 
widely in Europe, Asia, and the north of Africa : never found as yet in 
America, which is extraordinary for an Arctic bird. 
