444 
besides, even at the present advanced state of the science, con- 
founded with the European, of which there are also three species, 
which, contrary to the generally received opinion, are all and each 
distinct from the American, (though two only are reckoned by the 
best authorities, one of which is even referred to an American,) we 
take this opportunity of giving phrases also for the European spe- 
cies, thus carrying to six instead of three, the number of European 
and North American Numenii. For a detailed description and ac- 
count of each species, and the extrication of the almost endless 
confusion reigning throughout the works of preceding authors, see 
our “ Monography of the genus Numenius,” (ined.) and our “ Ob- 
servations Nom. Wils. Orn.” 
European Numenii. 
1. Numenius arquata , Lath. Crown deep brown, with whitish 
streaks, no medial line ; rump white ; long axillary feathers pure 
white ; bill long, not much arcuated. 
Le Courlis , Buff on pi. enl. 818. 
Inhabits common throughout Europe, Asia, and northern Africa: 
abounding most to the north, from western Iceland to eastern 
Kamtschatka : found in England at all times, in Italy only a winter 
visitant. Analogous to N. longirostris. 
2. Numenius jjhceopus, Lath. Crown deep brown, with a whitish 
medial line ; rump white ; long axillary feathers banded with black 
and white ; bill short, much arcuated. 
Le Corlieu , Buff. pi. enl. 842. 
Inhabits throughout the old continent, New Holland, and the ad- 
jacent islands : breeds within the Arctic circle : we have ourselves 
identified specimens from Java. Rare in the vicinity of Rome. 
Analogous to N. hudsonicus. 
3. Numenius tenuirostris , Vieill. Crown brown, streaked with 
whitish ; rump and ground color of the tail, pure white ; long axil- 
lary feathers pure white ; bill short, slender, not much arcuated. 
Never figured. 
I was the first to discover this species in Europe ; and following 
the practice of modern ornithologists , ought to have considered it as 
new : but on referring to the pages of Vieillot , in the second edition 
