73 
[Marcou. 
The whole system has been overturned, as in the original Taconic 
area in Massachusetts, New York and Vermont. 
OLENELLUS BEDS IN SCANDINAVIA AND IN NORTH AMERICA. 
Messrs. Linnarson, Brogger, Holm, and Nathorst 1 have shown 
and proved beyond a doubt, that in Scandinavia the Olenellus beds 
are invariably found underneath and in contact with the Paradox- 
ides beds , and consequently an older -horizon. Messrs. Walcott, 
Ford and even Matthew incline to consider the Olenellus beds of 
Georgia as younger than the Paradoxides beds ; and more they have 
expressed doubts whether the Scandinavian Olenellus is a true 
Olepellus. Unhappily the confusion created by the determination 
of the Georgia trilobites as belonging, first, to the genus Olenus, 
then to Barrandia and afterward to a new genus Olenellus show- 
ing by its very name a greater affinity and closer relationship to 
Olenus than to any other primordial tribolites, weighs heavily 
against a clear conception and definition of the question. 
The great geologists and palaeontologists, Emmons and Barrande, 
were very careful to keep their discoveries of the oldest fossils and 
of the creation of the primordial fauna, in the limit of exact de- 
termination of genera; showing both the close relationship of the 
Georgia tribolites with the Paradoxides and Ellipsocephalus. Dr. 
Emmons was very fortunate in creating in 1844 the name Ellipto- 
cephala, so near Ellipsocephalus then unknown to him ; and after- 
ward, in 1859 and 1860, he did not hesitate to refer, first, his Ellip- 
tocephalus asaphoides to the genus Paradoxides and secondly, to 
regard the Georgia trilobites as belonging to the genus Paradox- 
ides, instead of being an Olenus as referred b} 7 the palaeontologist of 
New York. We have there a remarkable example of his great sa- 
gacity as a palaeontologist. Barrande did not hesitate to refer at 
once in his memoir of 1861 the trilobites of Greenwich and Georgia 
to the genus Paradoxides, as Dr. Emmons had done, instead of 
using the name Olenus, for he thought these trilobites have the 
greatest affinities and closest relationship with Paradoxides ; and 
if they are not allied to Paradoxides, he thought that on account 
1 On the Brachiopoda of the Paradoxides beds of Sweden , by G. Linnai-son, pp. 7, 28, 
Stockholm, 1876. Die silurischen Etagen 2 und 3 im Kristian ia-gebiet und auf Eker, by 
W. C. Brogger; 4 to Kristiania, 1882. Annexe explicative a la carte geologique de la 
Suede; feuille meridionale, par A. G. Nathorst, p. 21, Stockholm, 1884. Om Olenellus 
Kjerulfi, by Gerhard Holm, p. 5, Stockholm, 1888. 
