535 
[Packard. 
is angular or squarish in the early stages, bearing on the vertex a 
pair of tubercles which disappear at the final moult. Of what use 
these tubercles are in the early stages, and why if useful at that pe- 
riod of the insect’s life they are not retained in the last stage, is diffi- 
cult to understand, though the smooth, shining dark coral-red head 
may and doubtless does make the creature more conspicuous. 
2. The glandular hairs in the second stage are as usual enlarged 
at the end, being flattened and suddenly truncated. 
3. A swollen coral-red dorsal hump arises in the last stage on the 
first abdominal segment, bearing two very long black blunt spines, 
which can be moved by the larva so as to terrify its enemies. 
4. The great dorsal spines along the entire body, and the large 
lateral ones, like elongated hob-nails, have in general grown larger 
from the second to the last stage, rendering the creature probably 
still more distasteful and repulsive to birds and less open to attack 
from parasitic insects. 
5. It is worthy of notice that in this genus the dorsal tubercles 
and spines are separated widely, while in Schizura those of the first 
and eighth abdominal segments grow together and form a single 
more or less movable terrifying spine. Janassa is intermediate, the 
tubercles on the hump being in pairs. 
6. On account of these unique characteristics and its system of 
conspicuous markings and noticeable appendages which all unite in 
giving warning to birds that it is inedible, and the entire absence of 
protective mimicry, this larva occupies an unique place in the No 
todontian group. In Schizura we have a mixture of two properties ; 
the larva is both disguised so as to resemble a part of a brown spot- 
ted green leaf, and has a movable detergent spine on the back. In 
Edema the larva is so gayly colored as to at once indicate to birds 
that it is distasteful, but there are no deterrent spines or bristles. It 
is obvious that experiments should be made by feeding Edema, CEde- 
rnasia and Dasylophia larvae to birds in order to see if they would 
be rejected or not. 
The young, at least after the first moult, are so spiny that it is 
difficult to say from what existing form this caterpillar may have 
descended. 
LIFE-HISTORY OF SCHIZURA IPOME^E DOUBLEDAY (CCELODASYS BI- 
GUTTATUS PACK.) PLATE IV. 
The eggs were kindly sent me by Miss Emil}’ L. Morton, who ob- 
tained them at Newburg, N. Y., from a female Schizura ipomece 
