Packard.] 
546 
[Feb. 19, 
1. The pair of prothoracic antlers of the early stage of this larva 
is certainly the most unique and unexpected feature to be found 
among Lepidopterous larvae and the object evidently is to render 
the creature frightful to its assailants. 
2. The rest of the body is without tubercles and markings, the 
latter of which appear in the later stages and are such as to com- 
pletely adapt it to a maple leaf, late in summer or in the autumn 
when portions begin to wither and to turn brown. Hence the horns, 
if present, would then only serve to attract attention to it, and thus 
they are modified into much less prominent tubercles. It should 
be observed that in the larva of H. astarte , which has the same gen- 
eral colors and markings as H. guttivitta , and is thus protected, 
the prothoracic tubercles are absent. 
How to account for the appearance of such enormous horns may 
be impossible even after we have become acquainted with the early 
stages of all the allied species, though it should be borne in mind 
that the young of Citheronia regalis and Eacles imperialism as well 
as Anisota, have nearly as large spines when first hatched. 
LIFE-HISTORY OF LOCHMJEUS MANTEO DOUBLEDAY (HETEROCAMPA 
SUB ALBICANS GROTE). 
From the inspection of the figure by Doubleday of the larva of 
Lochmceus manteo Doubleday, I feel sure that Heterocampa sub- 
albicans Grote is a synonym. Indeed it has been referred with a 
doubt by Mr. Grote to his species. I am indebted to Professor 
Riley for an opportunity of examining and describing a series in 
alcohol of the larvae in all the five stages (No. 2759 from box 12, 
155) and have myself collected the caterpillar in its last two stages, 
w T hile Professor Riley has given me a blown specimen, and the op- 
portunity of examining his own series. 
First stage. — Length 4-6 mm. The head is very large, nearly 
twice as wide as the body, and flattened in front, the outline seen 
from in fVont being somewhat six-sided. There are 6-7 minute 
piliferous warts, the black setae arising from them being unusually 
large and stiff, and tapering at the end ; around the base of the 
warts are brown discolorations, and the row of warts on each side 
of the median line, together with the outer row, are connected by 
an irregular, faint, brownish band. 
The body narrows in width to the end. The dorsal and lateral 
tubercles are well developed, the dorsal ones being quite high, but 
