30 
SURVIVAL ON LAND AND SEA 
This point can be used to estimate latitude in the same 
manner as is Polaris in northern latitudes— by its height 
above the horizon. 
Orientation 
We have, therefore, indications of north, south, east, and 
west by day or night. If you can determine any of the 
cardinal directions you can easily determine the others. 
Well out to sea the prevailing winds from about 8° -10° N. 
to about 40° N. (look this up on a map or globe and see 
where it is) are from the northeast— blowing toward the south- 
west. They are called the northeast trades. They will carry 
you in a southwesterly direction. 
North of 40° N. and south of 40° S. the winds are usually from 
the west and will tend to carry you eastward. 
These are only general rules. There are many local and 
some seasonal exceptions. Learn as much as you can by 
observations and questions about the winds and sea currents 
in the areas in which you operate. 
Learn to pick out the stars that have been mentioned and 
many more. Learn where to look for them in the heavens. 
That is how the first navigators found their way, and without 
navigational instruments it is still the best. 
