12 
SURVIVAL ON LAND AND SEA 
Making Fish, Line 
Take a square of canvas and cut carefully with a sharp knife 
along the weave of the fabric so that strands about a yard long 
can be drawn. When 8 or 10 have been obtained, fasten them at 
one end or have someone hold them. Then, taking an equal 
number of strands in each hand, grasp them between the thumb 
and forefinger of each hand and roll or twist each strand clock- 
wise, at the same time passing those held in the right hand 
counterclockwise around those held in the left. It is important 
that each strand be twisted tightly and the two wound firmly to- 
gether, so that the completed line will not unravel. This will 
form a small line with a breaking point well over 100 pounds. 
When about 18 inches of line have been made, cut off the strands 
at intervals of about 2 inches so that each will be progressively 
longer. This will facilitate splicing. About an inch before the 
ends of the strand are reached, while twisting the line, feed in 
a new strand to take the place of the one just ended. Continue 
the operation until 50 or more feet of line have been made. This 
line is good for heavy work with grapple hooks, but one of two 
or four strands is better for use as a general fishline on small 
hooks. The small line will have a breaking point of about 20 
pounds. Unraveled rope or the ravelings from a trouser leg 
may be used if you have no canvas. 
Making a Grapple Hook 
With a strong knife or other tool, split off four heavy 
splinters B" or more long from the benches, or portions of 
your raft, care being taken not to weaken any one seat too much, 
