TO 
SURVIVAL OK LAKD AKD SEA 
quantity of sand in the cup will increase the friction. Place the 
base or hearth board on the ground where you can hold it 
down with your knees, or have some one hold it down for you 
if there are others in the party, and place the drill so that it 
stands upright with its rounded end in the cup. Rotate the 
drill back and forth between the palms of your hands, exerting 
a strong downward pressure. The speed should be increased 
to the maximum as the hands reach the bottom of the stick. 
Because of the downward pressure the hands tend to work 
down the drill. When they are several inches above the hearth 
quickly grasp the drill with the fingers of the left hand to hold 
it firmly in position and grip the upper end between the thumb 
and finger of the right hand, shift the left hand quickly to the 
top opposite the other hand with the fingers extended so that 
you can turn the right hand downward, grasping the drill 
between the palms, and begin again the rotation movement. 
At no time should the end of the drill be permitted to slip 
from the cup. The stoppage of the drilling during the shifting 
of the hands should be as short as possible. As the drilling 
continues wood dust works into the slot and as it gets hotter 
and hotter, smoke appears and eventually a glowing ember 
which should be transferred to tinder. If you want to be 
more certain of catching the hot spark the tinder may be 
placed around the cup in the hearth at the start. When a 
bow is used with the drill the process is much simpler and 
more effective. With the latter, a block of wood is used at 
the upper end to hold the drill in place in the hearth and the 
drill, which may be shorter than that used between the palms 
of the hands, is rapidly rotated back and forth by means of 
a string wrapped once around it and fastened to the ends of 
