116 Agricultural Education and Forestry Exhibition , 1905. 
sugar per acre. For soils which suit it, the Long Red mangel 
may be recommended. 
It is well known that large mangels contain on the average 
a greater percentage of water than small mangels, but the 
importance of this point has been much exaggerated. As a 
matter of fact, the difference in composition is not great. 
Yellow Globe mangels, for example, weighing 3 lb. to 4 lb., 
will contain about 12*7 per cent, of dry matter ; while roots 
weighing between 7 lb. and 8 lb. will contain 10^ per cent. 
A popular supposition, too, is that the part of the root which 
grows below ground is very much richer than that which 
grows above. A diagram showing the composition of different 
parts of the mangel supplied information on this point. It was 
shown that the percentage of dry matter does not differ much 
in similar parts of the mangel whether above or below ground ; 
on the other hand, the percentages of both sugar and nitrogen 
are somewhat higher in the parts beneath the surface. 
The third section of the exhibit was intended to illustrate 
points in connection with the formation and management of 
pastures. Diagrams showed the results obtained at three 
experimental stations in different parts of the Eastern Counties, 
where the improvement produced by different methods of 
manuring was tested by the increase of live weight of the 
sheep consuming the grass. The average results obtained in a 
number of experiments in different parts of England were also 
illustrated. The experiments were in all cases made upon 
poor clay soils. The diagrams indicated that the best results 
always followed the use of liberal dressings of basic slag, and 
that manures containing potash, lime, and ammonia are not 
as a rule required in the early stages of the improvement of 
such pastures. 
Specimens of the new pastures alluded to on page 213 of 
the Journal for 1904 were again shown, and also a set of 
turfs from Wenden Lofts {Ibid., page 214). Another year’s 
experiments has confirmed the opinions recorded in 1904. 
The turfs from Wenden Lofts showed that while basic slag 
improves the clovers of pastures, it only affects grasses 
indirectly and through clovers ; so that where clovers are 
absent the grasses are not improved. A set of turfs from 
Saxmundham in East Suffolk showed that slag does not act 
in any marked way upon sainfoin. New pastures seeded 
down with clovers and grasses at this station were greatly 
improved by basic slag ; but where sainfoin replaced clovers 
in the seeds mixtures, neither the leguminous plant nor the 
grasses derived any benefit from the phosphatic manure. 
III. Midland Agricultural and Dairy Institute. — The exhibit 
was composed of various specimens, photographs, and diagrams, 
