209 
three principles in the latex, viz., Antiarin, GEpaine (Upaine) and 
Toxicarine. Mr. Stockman (Pharm. Journ. 1893, p. 946) gives a 
note on Antiarin which he compares with Strophanthine and 
Urechitine. He found that while grain of the former and 
of the latter poisons were fatal to good-sized frogs, -oAr 0 - grain 
of Antiarin was fatal within 24 hours, and that the smallest lethal 
dose caused stoppage of the heart in diastole, larger doses in 
systole. Antiarin is obtained by exhausting the latex with boil- 
ing alcohol and evaporating to dryness, and after the deposition 
of the Antiar- resin, treating the extract with water and evaporat- 
ing to a syrup ; the antiarin then takes the form of scales which 
are purified by recrystallization. (Watt’s Dictionary of 
Chemistry.) 
The latex preserves very badly, becoming putrid very soon 
unless properly prepared by boiling and drying. As all trace 
of poison disappears on the decomposition of the latex, sam- 
ples of juice put up simply in bottles and sent to Europe have 
been found on arrival to be inert, so that it has been stated that 
the Antiaris of the Malay Peninsula is not poisonous. 
Literature of Antiaris. 
Valentine, Oud and New Oost Indien, III, p. 2x8. 
Rumph, Herbarium Amboinense, II, p. 
Kaempfer, Amoenitates, p. 575. 
Horsfield, Verhandel Bataviaasche Genootschap, VII. X. 
Blume, Rumphia I, 46-59. 
Neivbold, Trans. Roy. Soc. 1837, p. 427. 
„ Malacca, Vol. II. 
Leschanault, Memoire sur le Strychnos Tieute et Antiaris. 
Ann. Mus. d’ Histoire Naturelle Tom. XVI, p. 459. 
Hooker’s Companion to the Botanical Magazine, I, 
„ p. 308. 
Laborde de Morgan, Hugh Low, Mem. de la Societe deBiolo- 
gie, Paris, 1887. 
Vaughan Stevens, H., Materialen zur kenntniss der wilden 
stamme von Malacca, p. 106 (1892). 
Pelletier and Caventou, Ann. Chim. Phys., XXVI, 162. 
Mulder, Natur en Scheik Archief, V, 342. 
,, Journ. Pract. Chemie, XV, 422. 
Lewin, L., Die Pfeilgifte, III, 297 (1894). 
Hooper, D., Pharmacogr. Ind., Ill, 354 * 
Bettink, H. W., Haaxmans Tijdschrift, 1889. 
De Vrij, „ » 1884. 
Wray, L., Kew Bulletin, 1891. 
,, Perak Government Gazette, Sept. 11, 1891. 
Holmes, E. M., Pharm. Journ. 1892, Nov. 12, p. 613. 
Stockman, R., Pharm. Journ., 1893, p. 945* 
Watt’s Diet. Economic Products of India, 1, 2, 67. 
Coscinium fenestratum, Colebr. {Menispermaceee)— Tole 
Koopur (Vaughan-Stevens), Kopah (Newbold), a stout climbei 
with peltate leaves on long petioles, white or yellowish beneath, 
