hairy, and feed on leaves often by night, only concealing them- 
selves by day, or bore into branches of trees, or not rarely attack 
fruit. The group of Psychidce or ‘ ‘Bag worms 1 ” is known by the 
caterpillars inhabiting tubes or cases made of silk usually coated 
with bits of stick, bark, or leaves. They feed on leaves and are 
often very destructive. The Limacodidce have woodlouse- 
shaped caterpillars ( Parasa lepida is an example), often brightly 
coloured and armed with stinging hairs. They pupate in curious 
round leathery cocoons on the leaves.- One of the worst groups 
as pests is that of the Noctuidce, with hairless or nearly smooth 
fleshy caterpillars, leaf-feeders, often occurring in vast abundance, 
and feeding sometimes by night. The moths are thick bodied 
and often dull brown or grey. The Sphingidce , or Hawk-moths 
with large perfectly smooth caterpillars always furnished with a 
horn on the tail, rarely occur in sufficient numbers to do damage, 
but the Coffee beehawk, as described below, shows that we cannot 
trust to any group of moths as being always harmless. Very 
destructive also are the T ortfices , or leaf-rollers, which roll or 
spin the leaves together, remaining in the rolled up portion. The 
Gutta Percha moth and Ramie moth belong to this group. It 
is a very difficult group to deal with, as the caterpillars here will 
not leave their retreats when the tree is shaken, as they do in 
England, and spraying with poisons has no effect on them, as 
the leaf protects them. Handpicking is the only chance with 
these animals. The Tine<%, which are usually very small moths, 
chiefly devote their attentions to stored produce. One very 
minute one attacks herbarium specimens and dried leaves of any 
kind. A grey moth about half an inch long (probably Tinea gra - 
nella) I found destroying rice. The caterpillar, a dirty white grab 
spun the grains together, and devoured them, utterly destroy- 
ing the rice ; another attacks dried figs and other fruits, and the 
clothes moth, Tinea tapetzella , is well known to all. 
Butterflies are less injurious to the planter on the whole. The 
worst we have here are the Banana butterfly, described below, 
the cocoanut butterfly Amathusia phidippus, Papilio Erithonius, 
which devours the leaves of the orange, and a few like Cyaniris 
iavendulacea, which eat the young leaves of Cycads, and other 
ornamental plants. 
The Hymenoptera, Bees, Wasps, Sawflies and Ants, are four 
winged in the adults, the grubs being soft white, footless mag- 
gots usually requiring to be fed by the adults, except in the case 
of the Sawflies, the caterpillars of which closely resemble those 
of moths. They are a comparatively harmless group. The 
Sawfly grubs eat leaves, but arc not often abundant. The only 
injurious one I have seen here feeds on rose leaves, and is de- 
scribed below. The carpenter-bees Xylocopa, make themselves 
a nuisance by tunnelling the beams and poles of buildings. The 
Gallflies, Cynipidce may be injurious to foliage and twigs. 
On the other hand, the bees and wasps do good service in fer- 
tilizing the flowers of many of our crops, while the Ichneumons 
destroy many caterpillars by laying their eggs in them, and the 
