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Burrowing Sandwasps carry off caterpillars, crickets and other 
insects besides spiders to their nests to feed their young The 
ants are on the whole useful to the planter, but do a certain 
amount of harm. 
The Diptera, Flies, with one pair of wings only, are, as far as 
agiiculture is concerned, almost harmless. A certain number 
produce galls on plants. One species is destructive to the Chocho 
fruit, the grub feeding on it, and on one occasion I found bed 
after bed of English peas and beans totally destroyed by the 
maggot of a fly which I was not able to rear. The flies, however, 
are important flower fertilizers, especially to trees with small 
green or white flowers, such as Rambutan, Pulassan, the Ches- 
nuts, also the Durian, Urceola, and Nutmeg. 
Coleoptera. — The Beetles are known easily by their having 
four wings, of which the upper pair are hard and opaque, often 
coloured and when at rest cover the lower transparent flying 
pair. They comprise the largest number of bad enemies of any 
group. The most destructive sections are the Weevils ( Curcu - 
lionidce), the Chafers ( Lamellicornia ) and the very small borers 
{Scolytidce}. • The Weevils are injurious only in the larval stage. 
The perfect insect is generally a very hard-coated animal and is 
always known by its long hard curved beak. The grub is thick, 
footless, white soft with a hard head and powerful jaws. It al- 
ways lives in burrows in living plants or seeds. All are injuri- 
ous, among the worst here are the Red palm weevil, Rhyncho- 
phorus ferrugineus , the Banana weevil, Sphenophorus sordidus, 
the small Rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzce, and Astychus. 
The Chafers ( Lamellicornia ) have broad thick bodies with 
blunt heads and are often armed with horns. The antennas end 
in a dilated club consisting of a number of flat leaves. The grubs 
usually live in the ground or on rotten wood, or other vegetable 
refuse. They are white and fleshy with large brown heads and 
powerful jaws, the body curved and swollen at the end, so that 
they have always to lie on their sides. They have six small legs 
neai the head. Sometimes it is the grub only which is injurious, 
by biting the roots of plants. Sometimes the beetle itself devours 
leaves or bores into the plant to suck the juice of it. The Black 
coco-nut beetle ( Oryctes rhinoceros ) is one of this group, as is 
Xylotrupes Gideon , of which the grub destroys the roots’ of the 
sugarcane, and the beetle bites into the cane itself. Some of the 
small chafers fly by night in enormous numbers and eat the leaves 
of cultivated trees voraciously, reducing them to rags. 
The shot-borers Scolytidce , are all very small, even minute- 
beetles cylindrical biown or black. They bore into dead or dying 
wood or live in living bark. The grubs are very minute, white 
fleshy insects. When numerous the attacked part of the tree 
looks as if a charge of small shot had been fired into it. The 
worst of them are the species of Xyleborus, and Phlceosinus, which 
destroy nutmeg trees and sugar canes. Some also destroy bam- 
boos when cut, reducing them to powder, and attack also books, 
furniture, etc. Most of them normally feed on dead wood, but 
